Medusae of the world,

Redescription of the leptomedusanBlackfordia virginica

“…The irregular position of the statocysts, and the presence of pigment granules in only some, confirms that these characters are varied and supports the suggestion of Kramp (1958Kramp ( , 1959 that Blackfordia manhattensis Mayer, 1910, is conspecific. Although manhattensis was designated type species of Blackfordia by Mayer, the species name virginica has been more widely used (Cronin et al 1962;Paranangua, 1963/4;Vannucci et al 1970;Gutu & Manoleli, 1971;Denayer, 1973).…”

“…Since all records of the medusa are from euryhaline waters, it seems that medusa production might be triggered by conditions of lowered salinity. Mayer, 1910Blackfordia virginica Mayer 1910Kramp, 1958: 343-5, text fig. 1 (?syn.…”

“…Mouth lips four, recurved, crenulate, perradial. Tentacles up to 80, hollow, cordylate, filiform, extending up to five times bell height (Mayer, 1910), connected to ring canal. Cordyli with small erect diverticula extending into bell margin.…”

The life cycle ofHebella furax(Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): a link between a lafoeid hydroid and a laodiceid medusa

“…The polyp stages of both genera are unknown until now, and data about their young medusae are practically absent in the literature (some information on the young medusa is available for Staurodiscus tetrastaurus Haeckel, 1879, see Kramp, 1962). The adult medusae of H. furax could probably be referred to Toxorchis kellneri Mayer, 1910, by similarities in the number of tentacles and cordyli, and size (table 6). Kramp (1962) rede® ned the genera Staurodiscus and Toxorchis based on the supposed mode of rami® cation of the radial canals, and was followed by Bouillon (1984Bouillon ( , 1985.…”

“…The pattern of branching of the radial canals indicates that adult medusae of H. furax should be referred to the genus Toxorchis, possibly to T . kellneri Mayer, 1910. …”