Medullary neuroschistosomiasis in adolescence: case report and literature review

Dastoli, Patricia Alessandra; Leite, Adriana Lima; Costa, Marcos Devanir Silva da; Nicácio, Jardel Mendonça; Pinho, Ricardo Silva; Ferrarini, Maria Aparecida Gadiani; Cavalheiro, Sérgio

doi:10.1007/s00381-021-05267-9

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The preponderance of this infection is higher in the males, as noted in all the case studies except for cases Dastoli et al . [ 3 ] and Da Paz et al . [ 8 ] The male predominance is attributed to the males’ increased exposure to infected freshwater compared to the females.…”

Section: Literature Review Of Spinal Schistosomiasis In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 11 ] Neuroschistosomiasis can potentially develop into irreversible scarring in the central nervous system without proper treatment. [ 3 ] Most cerebral forms of schistosomiasis are asymptomatic, while medullary neuroschistosomiasis are symptomatic. Approximately, 40.3% of medullary schistosomiasis involves the lower thoracic spinal cord, 15.8% involves the lumbar region, and 0.7% involves the lumbosacral region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case report of conus intramedullary mansoni neuroschistosomiasis

Mohandas

Sarkar

Jain

et al. 2023

Surgical Neurology International

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Background: Conus schistosomiasis is an extremely rare entity in which patients present with a wide range of neurological symptoms such as low back pain, paresthesia, fever, myalgia, paraparesis, and paraplegia. This neglected tropical parasitic disease causes significant neurological morbidity. The migration of parasitic worms and their eggs into the central nervous system can lead to profound and life-altering disabilities. Early, accurate diagnosis, and treatment can lead to the complete resolution of symptoms. Case Description: A 5-year-old boy from South Sudan presented with complaints of sudden onset, progressive bilateral lower limb weakness for the past month, inability to walk or stand without assistance, and urinary incontinence. Magnetic resonance imaging spine showed an irregular enhancing lesion within the conus. The various possibilities, such as Astrocytoma, and granulomatous disorders were considered. However, a biopsy revealed the lesion to be Conus schistosomiasis, a rare condition with only a few cases reported in children. Typical clinicoradiological presentation and the treatment paradigm have been discussed in this manuscript. Appropriate management of this lesion can avert surgical intervention needed for either a diagnosis or treatment. Conclusion: This case report aims to emphasize the importance of considering schistosomiasis as an important differential diagnosis of a conus intramedullary lesion, especially in patients from tropical endemic countries. The neurological recovery in this infestation is directly related to early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is essential to recognize this entity, as early detection and management would result in significant neurological improvement without undergoing surgery.

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Section: Literature Review Of Spinal Schistosomiasis In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case report of conus intramedullary mansoni neuroschistosomiasis

Mohandas

Sarkar

Jain

et al. 2023

Surgical Neurology International

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“…Previous autopsy studies of humans infected with S. japonicum or S. mansoni reported that most parasites were widely distributed in the liver, hepatic portal vein, and mesenteries, which were considered their natural habitat [ 54 , 55 ]. Due to the inexorable exploratory nature of intravascular schistosomes, eggs have also been discovered in nonproductive sites, which include the spleen [ 54 ], stomach [ 56 ], pancreas [ 57 ], gall bladder [ 57 ], ovary [ 58 ], fallopian tube [ 59 ], prostate [ 60 ], brain [ 61 ], and spinal cord [ 62 ]. Interestingly, SjHMGB1 is abundantly expressed in the adult and egg phases, but barely detectable in the cercaria stage [ 63 ].…”

Section: Schistosome-induced Liver Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

From Inflammation to Fibrosis: Novel Insights into the Roles of High Mobility Group Protein Box 1 in Schistosome-Induced Liver Damage

et al. 2022

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Schistosomiasis is a chronic helminthic disease of both humans and animals and the second most prevalent parasitic disease after malaria. Through a complex migration process, schistosome eggs trapped in the liver can lead to the formation of granulomas and subsequent schistosome-induced liver damage, which results in high mortality and morbidity. Although praziquantel can eliminate mature worms and prevent egg deposition, effective drugs to reverse schistosome-induced liver damage are scarce. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional cytokine contributing to liver injury, inflammation, and immune responses in schistosomiasis by binding to cell-surface Toll-like receptors and receptors for advanced glycation end products. HMGB1 is increased in the serum of patients with schistosomiasis and enables hepatic stellate cells to adopt a proliferative myofibroblast-like phenotype, which is crucial to schistosome-induced granuloma formation. Inhibition of HMGB1 was found to generate protective responses against fibrotic diseases in animal models. Clinically, HMGB1 presents a potential target for treatment of the chronic sequelae of schistosomiasis. Here, the pivotal role of HMGB1 in granuloma formation and schistosome-induced liver damage, as well the potential of HMGB1 as a therapeutic target, are discussed.

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“…Although the eggs are transported through the intestinal wall to be eliminated with the fecal material for the continuity of the Schistosoma life cycle, a large proportion of them can stay trapped in the intestinal wall or even be directed to other organs—mainly, the liver [ 17 ]. Eggs from S. mansoni can also be ectopically located in the spleen [ 18 ], lungs [ 18 , 19 ], reproductive system [ 20 ], and central nervous system [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Immunopathology Of Schistosoma Mansoni In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis Mansoni-Recruited Eosinophils: An Overview in the Granuloma Context

et al. 2022

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Eosinophils are remarkably recruited during schistosomiasis mansoni, one of the most common parasitic diseases worldwide. These cells actively migrate and accumulate at sites of granulomatous inflammation termed granulomas, the main pathological feature of this disease. Eosinophils colonize granulomas as a robust cell population and establish complex interactions with other immune cells and with the granuloma microenvironment. Eosinophils are the most abundant cells in granulomas induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection, but their functions during this disease remain unclear and even controversial. Here, we explore the current information on eosinophils as components of Schistosoma mansoni granulomas in both humans and natural and experimental models and their potential significance as central cells triggered by this infection.

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Medullary neuroschistosomiasis in adolescence: case report and literature review

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

A case report of conus intramedullary mansoni neuroschistosomiasis

A case report of conus intramedullary mansoni neuroschistosomiasis

From Inflammation to Fibrosis: Novel Insights into the Roles of High Mobility Group Protein Box 1 in Schistosome-Induced Liver Damage

Schistosomiasis Mansoni-Recruited Eosinophils: An Overview in the Granuloma Context

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