Medium-finesse optical cavity for the stabilization of Rydberg lasers

Hond, Julius de; Cisternas, Nataly; Lochead, G.; Druten, N. J. van

doi:10.1364/ao.56.005436

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Finally, we have demonstrated excellent long-term stability with a linear drift of ∼ 1 Hz/s relative to an atomic reference. These measurement are competitive against doubly-stabilized optical clocks [32,37] and offer an order of magnitude improvement compared to similar cavity stabilized Rydberg laser systems [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-kilohertz excitation lasers for quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms

Legaie¹,

Picken²,

Pritchard³

2018

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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Quantum information processing using atomic qubits requires narrow linewidth lasers with longterm stability for high fidelity coherent manipulation of Rydberg states. In this paper, we report on the construction and characterization of three continuous-wave (CW) narrow linewidth lasers stabilized simultaneously to an ultra-high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity made of ultra-low expansion (ULE) glass, with a tunable offset-lock frequency. One laser operates at 852 nm while the two locked lasers at 1018 nm are frequency doubled to 509 nm for excitation of 133 Cs atoms to Rydberg states. The optical beatnote at 509 nm is measured to be 260(5) Hz. We present measurements of the offset between the atomic and cavity resonant frequencies using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for high-resolution spectroscopy on a cold atom cloud. The long-term stability is determined from repeated spectra over a period of 20 days yielding a linear frequency drift of ∼ 1 Hz/s. I. INTRODUCTIONThe field of quantum information processing (QIP) is an intensive research area. Its attractiveness lies in the possibility of speeding up classical problems and modelling complex quantum systems [1]. Neutral atoms present an attractive candidate for scalable QIP [2, 3] combining long coherence times of weakly interacting hyperfine ground states [4] with strongly interacting Rydberg states [5] to create pair-wise entanglement [6,7], perform deterministic quantum gates [8,9] and even realize a quantum simulator for Ising models [10].Rydberg excitation is typically performed using two-photon excitation due to weak single photon matrix elements from the ground state [11] and inconvenient UV wavelengths. Using a resonant two-photon excitation, Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [12] can be exploited for laser frequency stabilization [13] as well as precision metrology of Rydberg state energies [14,15] and lifetimes [16], dc electric fields [17] and RF field sensors operating at both microwave [18,19] and THz [20] frequency ranges. For dense cold atom samples, the strong atomic interactions can be mapped onto the optical field to create non-linearities at the single photon level [21][22][23][24].For robust Rydberg excitation of atomic qubits for gate operations the two-photon excitation must be * Electronic address: jonathan.pritchard@strath.ac.uk

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-kilohertz excitation lasers for quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms

Legaie¹,

Picken²,

Pritchard³

2018

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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“…respectively). The excitation lasers are stabilized using a reference cavity and have a linewidth of typically 10 kHz [40]. The 780-nm beam is sent through a combination of a mechanical shutter and an acousto-optical modulator for excellent contrast and fast switching times, respectively.…”

Section: Collective Onset and Rydberg Blockadementioning

confidence: 99%

From coherent collective excitation to Rydberg blockade on an atom chip

et al. 2018

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Using time-resolved measurements, we demonstrate coherent collective Rydberg excitation crossing over into Rydberg blockade in a dense and ultracold gas trapped at a distance of 100 µm from a room-temperature atom chip. We perform Ramsey-type measurements to characterize the coherence. The experimental data are in good agreement with numerical results from a master equation using a mean-field approximation, and with results from a super-atom-based Hamiltonian. This represents significant progress in exploring a strongly interacting driven Rydberg gas on an atom chip.

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“…6(a) shows an improvement of four orders of magnitude in the normalized spectral density of optical fluctuation √ S ν /ν 0 compared to its value at room temperature. However, even if the spectral density of noise is largely reduced by working at cryogenic temperature, the Q of Si 3 N 4 rings such as those we study is generally too low to consider them as viable candidates for reference cavities [32]. Going forward, recent improvements in the Q of thick Si 3 N 4 [33][34][35] resonators, as well as earlier work on thin Si 3 N 4 resonators with quality factors approaching 10 8 [36], suggest future potential to combine such higher Q with cryogenic operation towards reference cavity applications.…”

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confidence: 90%

Kerr-Microresonator Soliton Frequency Combs at Cryogenic Temperatures

Moille

Rao

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Applied

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We present measurements of silicon nitride nonlinear microresonators and frequency comb generation at cryogenic temperatures as low as 7 K. The resulting two orders of magnitude reduction in the thermo-refractive coefficient relative to room-temperature enables direct access to single bright Kerr soliton states through adiabatic frequency tuning of the pump laser while remaining in thermal equilibrium. Our experimental results, supported by theoretical modeling, show that single solitons are easily accessible at temperatures below 60 K for the microresonator device under study. We further demonstrate that the cryogenic temperature primarily impacts the thermo-refractive coefficient. Other parameters critical to the generation of solitons, such as quality factor, dispersion, and effective nonlinearity, are unaltered. Finally, we discuss the potential improvement in thermorefractive noise resulting from cryogenic operation. The results of this study open up new directions in advancing chip-scale frequency comb optical clocks and metrology at cryogenic temperatures.Temporal dissipative Kerr soliton pulses generated in nonlinear microresonators are a promising technology for metrological applications of frequency combs [1]. Their ability to cover a spectral region over an octave [2,3] while operating in a low-noise, phase-stable configuration enables new classes of chip-scale photonics components such as optical frequency synthesizers [4,5], optical clocks [6,7], and microwave generators [8,9]. However, reaching soliton states in practice can be challenging. These states lie on the red-detuned side of the microresonator's pump resonance mode [10,11], for which thermo-refractive effects limit stability [12]. This can make accessing soliton states difficult in thermal equilibrium, depending on the properties of the system [2]. Larger scale resonators, such as MgF 2 crystalline devices [10] and SiO 2 microresonators [13], have sufficiently large thermal conductivity and sufficiently slow thermal time constants to enable soliton generation through slow adjustment of the pump laser frequency to the appropriate detuning level. In chip-integrated, planar microresonators, thermal timescales are faster and other approaches are typically required. Fast frequency shifting via single-sideband modulators [14], integrated microheaters with fast response times [15], abrupt changes to the pump power level [16], phase modulation of the pump [17], and an auxiliary laser for providing temperature compensation [18] have all been used, while resonators with sufficiently low optical absorption can obviate the need for such methods [19]. * gmoille@umd.edu † kartik.srinivasan@nist.govHere, we consider another approach, so far unexplored, which is to strongly reduce the thermo-refractive coefficient ∂n ∂T of the resonator, making soliton states accessible with slow frequency tuning of the pump laser ( fig. 1). This is accomplished by operating silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) microresonators at cryogenic temperatures (T ≤ 60 K), where ∂n ∂T drops...

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Medium-finesse optical cavity for the stabilization of Rydberg lasers

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Sub-kilohertz excitation lasers for quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms

Sub-kilohertz excitation lasers for quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms

From coherent collective excitation to Rydberg blockade on an atom chip

Kerr-Microresonator Soliton Frequency Combs at Cryogenic Temperatures

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