Medium-density fibreboards bonded with phenol-formaldehyde resin and calcium lignosulfonate as an eco-friendly additive

Antov, Petar; Savov, Viktor; Mantanis, George I.; Neykov, Nikolay

doi:10.1080/17480272.2020.1751279

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In accordance with the free formaldehyde content results, the reference HDF panel, bonded with 6% UF resin only, can be classified under the emission class E1 (≤8 mg/100 g). These results are in agreement with previous research, where using lignosulfonates as binders for wood composites resulted in decreased free formaldehyde content [ 6 , 9 , 45 , 69 ]. ALS has very good characteristics for methylolation due to its large number of phenolic hydroxyl groups and amount of aromatic protons of the guaiacyl units, whose presence tends to increase the reactivity of lignosulfonate toward formaldehyde [ 94 , 95 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The maximum MOR value obtained in this work, i.e., 40.5 N·mm −2 , was determined at 3% UF resin content and 10% ALS addition. Similar values were reported by Antov et al (2020) [ 6 ] in their work, in which the maximum MOR of 35.2 N·mm −2 was recorded for medium-density fiberboards bonded with 5% PF resin and 5% calcium lignosulfonate.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The larger ALS quantity in the adhesive acted as a barrier against the influx of water, which resulted in better MOE values. Comparable results, i.e., MOE values ranging from 3730 to 4476 N·mm −2 , were reported by [ 6 ] in their work on the development of eco-friendly, medium-density fiberboards bonded with low phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin content (3–5%) and calcium lignosulfonate, varying from 5% to 15%, depending on the dry fibers.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The growing need for sustainable products and the stringent legislative requirements related to the hazardous formaldehyde emissions from wood-based panels have boosted scientific and industrial interest in the production of eco-friendly, wood-based panels [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ] and optimal utilization of the available lignocellulosic materials [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of lignin in the formulation of adhesives is primarily due to its polyphenolic structure. Thus, lignin may be used in lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins, where it is applied to partially replace phenol [ 6 , 74 , 75 ]. Additional chemical modification of lignin, such as phenolation and methylolation, can be applied to increase the lignin reactivity to formaldehyde [ 1 , 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eco-Friendly, High-Density Fiberboards Bonded with Urea-Formaldehyde and Ammonium Lignosulfonate

et al. 2021

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The potential of producing eco-friendly, formaldehyde-free, high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels from hardwood fibers bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and a novel ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS) is investigated in this paper. HDF panels were fabricated in the laboratory by applying a very low UF gluing factor (3%) and ALS content varying from 6% to 10% (based on the dry fibers). The physical and mechanical properties of the fiberboards, such as water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), as well as formaldehyde content, were determined in accordance with the corresponding European standards. Overall, the HDF panels exhibited very satisfactory physical and mechanical properties, fully complying with the standard requirements of HDF for use in load-bearing applications in humid conditions. Markedly, the formaldehyde content of the laboratory fabricated panels was extremely low, ranging between 0.7–1.0 mg/100 g, which is, in fact, equivalent to the formaldehyde release of natural wood.

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