Medium-chain triglycerides: an update

Bach, André; Babayan, Vigen K.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/36.5.950

Cited by 1,016 publications

(629 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…One promising candidate would be a lipid, rather than a carbohydrate. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are a type of saturated fat that is digested rapidly in the liver and activates the vagus nerve (Bach and Babayan, 1982), and the chronic consumption of MCTs appears to have neuroprotective effects on canine (and human) executive function (Pan et al, 2010;Reger et al, 2004). Like glucose, this energy substrate can be metabolized into a form that can be transported across the blood brain barrier (i.e., ketones).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-regulatory depletion in dogs: Insulin release is not necessary for the replenishment of persistence

Miller

Pattison

Laude

et al. 2015

Behavioural Processes

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It has been hypothesized that self-control is constrained by a limited energy resource that can be depleted through exertion. Once depleted, this resource can be replenished by the consumption or even the taste of glucose. For example, the need to inhibit reduces subsequent persistence at problem solving by humans and dogs, an effect that is not observed when a glucose drink (but not placebo) is administered following initial inhibition. The mechanism for replenishment by glucose is currently unknown. Energy transfer is not necessary, though insulin secretion may be involved. This possibility was investigated in the current study by having dogs exert self-control (sit-stay) and subsequently giving them (1) glucose that causes the release of insulin, (2) fructose that does not result in the release of insulin nor does it affect glucose levels (but is a carbohydrate), or (3) a calorie-free drink. Persistence measures indicated that both glucose and fructose replenished canine persistence, whereas the calorie-free drink did not. These results indicate that insulin release is probably not necessary for the replenishment that is presumed to be responsible for the increase in persistence.(182 words)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-regulatory depletion in dogs: Insulin release is not necessary for the replenishment of persistence

Miller

Pattison

Laude

et al. 2015

Behavioural Processes

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“…As a result, MCT undergo obligate oxidation. If a sufficiently large quantity of MCT are ingested, the excess acetyl-CoA produced will generate KB (for review of MCT, see reference 53 ). Importantly, the oxidation of MCT occurs regardless of other macronutrients consumed; therefore, administration of MCT differs from a KD in that no restriction of carbohydrate or protein intake is required.…”

Section: Ketosis and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketone Bodies as a Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease

Henderson¹

2008

Neurotherapeutics

298

120

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Summary: An early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is region-specific declines in brain glucose metabolism. Unlike other tissues in the body, the brain does not efficiently metabolize fats; hence the adult human brain relies almost exclusively on glucose as an energy substrate. Therefore, inhibition of glucose metabolism can have profound effects on brain function. The hypometabolism seen in AD has recently attracted attention as a possible target for intervention in the disease process. One promising approach is to supplement the normal glucose supply of the brain with ketone bodies (KB), which include acetoacetate, ␤-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone. KB are normally produced from fat stores when glucose supplies are limited, such as during prolonged fasting. KB have been induced both by direct infusion and by the administration of a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, low-protein, ketogenic diets. Both approaches have demonstrated efficacy in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders and in human clinical trials, including AD trials. Much of the benefit of KB can be attributed to their ability to increase mitochondrial efficiency and supplement the brain's normal reliance on glucose. Research into the therapeutic potential of KB and ketosis represents a promising new area of AD research.

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“…MCT are digested more easily and absorbed rapidly by the body than other fats (Bach and Babayan 1982;Dulloo et al 1996). Palm stearin, a by-product of palm oil industries is highly saturated and provides natural hardness to fats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 fatty acids enriched chocolate spreads using soybean and coconut oils

et al. 2013

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Chocolate spreads were developed by incorporating two different soybean oil margarines, fat phases prepared using 85 % soybean oil (M1) and 1:1 blend of soybean oil and coconut oil (M2) with commercial palm stearin. Eight formulations were tried by varying skim milk powder (SMP)/fluid skimmed milk (FSM), type of fats (M1, M2, a commercial margarine and a table spread), sugar and cocoa powder and their quality characteristics were compared with a commercial hazelnut cocoa spread. The moisture and fat content were 5-6.1 % and 31.4-32.8 % for formulations with SMP and 21.5-24.7 % and 15.6-21.4 % respectively for those with FSM. Rheological studies of FSM spreads showed higher G″ value (loss modulus) than G′ (storage modulus) indicating better spreadability. Descriptive sensory analysis revealed that the products had acceptability score of 8.3 to 10.5 (maximum score: 15). Fat extracted from spreads prepared using M1 and M2 was found to contain 43.9 and 22.3 % linoleic acid and 2.1 and 4.4 % linolenic acid respectively, were free from trans fat while the commercial hazelnut spread had 9.8 % linoleic acid but did not contain linolenic acid. Hence, the developed chocolate spreads have the potential to overcome ω-3 deficiency, ω-6/ω-3 imbalance and to enhance the health standard of people.

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Medium-chain triglycerides: an update

Cited by 1,016 publications

References 84 publications

Self-regulatory depletion in dogs: Insulin release is not necessary for the replenishment of persistence

Self-regulatory depletion in dogs: Insulin release is not necessary for the replenishment of persistence

Ketone Bodies as a Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease

Omega-3 fatty acids enriched chocolate spreads using soybean and coconut oils

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