Mediterranean Diet and Musculoskeletal-Functional Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Silva, Roberta; Pizato, Nathalia; Mata, Fernando; Figueiredo, Ana Cláudia Morais Godoy; Ito, Marina; Pereira, Maúrício Gomes

doi:10.1007/s12603-017-0993-1

Cited by 65 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…We are aware of only a few studies [40e42; and reviewed in 43,44] that used a 'whole diet' approach to investigate the risk of sarcopenia in adults aged !55, and none in the very old. This limits the opportunity for direct comparisons of our findings with those from other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of dietary patterns and low protein intake on sarcopenia risk in the very old: The Newcastle 85+ study

et al. 2020

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Background: Sarcopenia, a progressive age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leads to disability, falls, and hospitalisation. Individual variation in sarcopenia onset may be partly explained by lifestyle factors such as physical activity and diet. Healthy dietary patterns (DPs) have been linked to better physical functioning in older adults, but their role in sarcopenia in the very old (aged !85) is unknown. Aims: To investigate the association between DPs and the risk of sarcopenia over 3 years, and to determine whether protein intake influences this relationship in community-dwelling older adults from the Newcastle 85 þ Study. Methods: The analytic sample consisted of 757 participants (61.2% women) who had dietary assessment at baseline. After two-step clustering with 30 food groups to derive DPs, we used logistic regression to determine the risk of prevalent and incident sarcopenia across DPs in all participants, and in those with low (<1 g/kg adjusted body weight/day [g/kg aBW/d]) and good protein intake (!1 g/kg aBW/d). Results: We identified three DPs (DP1: 'Low Red Meat', DP2: 'Traditional British' and DP3: 'Low Butter') that varied by unsaturated fat spreads/oils, butter, red meat, gravy and potato consumption. Compared with participants in DP3, those in DP2 had an increased risk of prevalent (OR ¼ 2.42, 95% CI: 1.15e5.09, p ¼ 0.02) but not 3-year incident sarcopenia (OR ¼ 1.67, 0.59e4.67, p ¼ 0.33) adjusted for socio-demographic, anthropometry, health and lifestyle factors. Furthermore, DP2 was associated with an increased risk of prevalent sarcopenia at baseline (OR ¼ 2.14, 1.01e4.53, p ¼ 0.05) and 3-year follow-up (OR ¼ 5.45, 1.81 e16.39, p ¼ 0.003) after adjustment for key covariates in participants with good protein intake. Conclusion: A DP high in foods characteristic of a traditional British diet (butter, red meat, gravy and potato) was associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia even when overall protein intake was good. The results need to be replicated in other cohorts of the very old to understand the role of DPs in sarcopenia onset and management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies have utilised these methods to investigate associations between DPs and sarcopenia (e.g. [40e42], reviewed in [43,44])d the Mediterranean DP has been the most common approach and none of the studies has been conducted in the very old.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary patterns and low protein intake on sarcopenia risk in the very old: The Newcastle 85+ study

et al. 2020

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“…Although there was a lack of longitudinal studies, the findings suggested a relationship between healthier diets and better physical function. Two recent systematic reviews investigated the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and musculoskeletal–functional outcomes; one focused on musculoskeletal health (including bone and muscle outcomes, specifically sarcopenia incidence or combined outcomes) in all ages [ 20 ], while the other investigated the association between a Mediterranean diet and frailty, functional disability and sarcopenia in older people [ 21 ]. The review findings indicate growing evidence of benefits of greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet, although they conclude that further research is needed to understand the relationship between a Mediterranean diet and sarcopenia and musculoskeletal health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, much of this evidence is cross-sectional. A recent systematic review on the relationship between diet quality and successful ageing [ 19 ] concluded that with regards to physical function, there were too few longitudinal studies to draw firm conclusions, although there is growing evidence of benefits of greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet [ 20 , 21 ]. To the best of our knowledge no reviews have collated studies, using different definitions of diet quality, to examine effects on sarcopenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet Quality and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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The increasing recognition of sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (muscle strength and physical performance), as a determinant of poor health in older age, has emphasized the importance of understanding more about its aetiology to inform strategies both for preventing and treating this condition. There is growing interest in the effects of modifiable factors such as diet; some nutrients have been studied but less is known about the influence of overall diet quality on sarcopenia. We conducted a systematic review of the literature examining the relationship between diet quality and the individual components of sarcopenia, i.e., muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, and the overall risk of sarcopenia, among older adults. We identified 23 studies that met review inclusion criteria. The studies were diverse in terms of the design, setting, measures of diet quality, and outcome measurements. A small body of evidence suggested a relationship between “healthier” diets and better muscle mass outcomes. There was limited and inconsistent evidence for a link between “healthier” diets and lower risk of declines in muscle strength. There was strong and consistent observational evidence for a link between “healthier” diets and lower risk of declines in physical performance. There was a small body of cross-sectional evidence showing an association between “healthier” diets and lower risk of sarcopenia. This review provides observational evidence to support the benefits of diets of higher quality for physical performance among older adults. Findings for the other outcomes considered suggest some benefits, although the evidence is either limited in its extent (sarcopenia) or inconsistent/weak in its nature (muscle mass, muscle strength). Further studies are needed to assess the potential of whole-diet interventions for the prevention and management of sarcopenia.

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“…Meta-analyses of observational studies reveal that high adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a significantly reduced risk of frailty and functional disability [170,171]. Although data are limited in patients with diabetes, some reports indicated that adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with decreases in both the prevalence [172] and incidence [173] of frailty in older patients.…”

Section: Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty

et al. 2020

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The increasing prevalence of older adults with diabetes has become a major social burden. Diabetes, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction are closely related to the mechanisms of aging. Insulin resistance, arteriosclerosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction may be common mechanisms shared by frailty and cognitive impairment. Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, obesity, vascular factors, physical inactivity, and malnutrition are important risk factors for cognitive impairment and frailty in older adults with diabetes. The impact of nutrients on health outcomes varies with age; thus, shifting diet therapy strategies from the treatment of obesity/metabolic syndrome to frailty prevention may be necessary in patients with diabetes who are over 75 years of age, have frailty or sarcopenia, and experience malnutrition. For the prevention of frailty, optimal energy intake, sufficient protein and vitamin intake, and healthy dietary patterns should be recommended. The treatment of diabetes after middle age should include the awareness of proper glycemic control aimed at extending healthy life expectancy with proper nutrition, exercise, and social connectivity. Nutritional therapy in combination with exercise, optimal glycemic and metabolic control, and social participation/support for frailty prevention can extend healthy life expectancy and maintain quality of life in older adults with diabetes mellitus.

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Mediterranean Diet and Musculoskeletal-Functional Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract: A Mediterranean diet is protective of frailty and functional disability, but not of sarcopenia. More longitudinal studies are needed to understand the relationship between a Mediterranean diet and sarcopenia.

Cited by 65 publications

References 74 publications

Effects of dietary patterns and low protein intake on sarcopenia risk in the very old: The Newcastle 85+ study

Effects of dietary patterns and low protein intake on sarcopenia risk in the very old: The Newcastle 85+ study

Diet Quality and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty

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