Mediterranean crossroads: Spanish-Moroccan relations in past and present

Stenner, David

doi:10.1080/13629387.2018.1459089

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The geography of the Iberian Peninsula and the Islamic Maghreb, separated by 14 kilometres of the Mediterranean, explains their reciprocal historical relations (Stenner 2019): from the medieval al-Andalus to the Spanish interest in northern Africa and the current migratory pressure. While Latin American colonies continued collapsing, the Hispano-Moroccan War began (1859-1860), and Spain competed with the French and British economic interests in that region.…”

Section: Legacies Of the Spanish Colonies: The Role Of Moroccan Troops In The Civil War In Relation To Violence Against Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the Civil War, dehumanising the enemies and treating them as invaders was a key strategy that was used in a contradictory way in the Spanish case. Having learned from other tribal conflicts at home and the previous colonial war against Spaniards-during which, according to military archives, chemical weapons were used by Spain in the Rif's war (Stenner 2019)-some Moroccan soldiers were encouraged by highranking officers to use violence against women. Mechbal (2011) highlighted how Moroccan soldiers were thought of as naturally or intrinsically violent, corresponding to a tribal structure prone to anarchy and revenge.…”

Section: Janus Characters In the Deliberate Promotion Of Brutalisation During The Civil Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Janus in the Metropole: Moroccan Soldiers and Sexual Violence Against Women in the Spanish Civil War

Varona¹

2021

Int J for Crime, Justice & Social Democracy

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Approximately 80,000 Moroccan men fought on the side of Franco in the Spanish Civil War. When the colonial wars ended, those men were recruited from very poor villages (some of them at the age of 16). Although the core collective memory that remains about those Moroccan troops (‘the Regulars’) concerns absolute cruelty, particularly towards women, they also form part of the history of the Spanish colonisation. During the Civil War, Franco’s General Queipo de Llano promised that the ‘castrated’ Republican soldiers’ women would know about the ‘virility’ of those Moroccan troops. Departing from fragmented historical data, this contribution presents a brief critical victimological analysis of grey zones and ‘Janus’ characters to better understand the complexities of victim and victimiser that overlap in the contexts of victimhood, accountability, colonisation, war and violence against women.

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Section: Legacies Of the Spanish Colonies: The Role Of Moroccan Troops In The Civil War In Relation To Violence Against Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Janus Characters In the Deliberate Promotion Of Brutalisation During The Civil Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Janus in the Metropole: Moroccan Soldiers and Sexual Violence Against Women in the Spanish Civil War

Varona¹

2021

Int J for Crime, Justice & Social Democracy

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“…Moreover, Sicily was able to resist the demands of the maritime cities, namely Pisa and Genoa, and preserve a strong political core [3]. Cultural intersections are also known for Spain and Morocco in the Middle Ages [4] The commercial trade across the Mediterranean Sea facilitated the exchange of knowledge between the different cultures that surrounded this area, including the use of wild plants as food. Thanks to Mediterranean traditions, a large number of them continue to be present in the food [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild species from the family Apiaceae, traditionally used as food in some Mediterranean countries

Kozuharova,

Malfa,

Acquaviva

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Mediterranean countries are a cauldron of cultural exchange, with a strong emphasis on wild plants in cuisine traditions. Many of these plants belong to the family Apiaceae. The common climate determines the common range of distribution. While many plants have wide distribution, the range of distribution of others is restricted to Western Mediterranean or North Africa. This review investigates wild plants from the family Apiaceae traditionally used as food in 13 study sites - 11 countries in the Mediterranean and adjacent territories - the mainland and 3 islands. The aim is to trace patterns of native distribution versus consumption. As a result, 81 wild umbellifers are listed, traditionally used as food. Their consumption and distribution patterns are described and discussed. Interestingly in 8 of the 13 study sites (61.5%) are recorded 50 plants (66.7% of all wild umbellifers, traditionally used as food) which are consumed in only one particular country. These are as follows: 8 taxa in Morocco, 9 taxa in Spain, 2 taxa in Sicily, 3 taxa in Bulgaria 3 taxa in Crete, 8 taxa in Armenia, 14 taxa in Turkey, and 3 taxa in Jordan. However, these 50 restrictedly consumed plants are distributed in more than one country (except 15 taxa, which are endemics). Many of the plants that are used in certain countries are not consumed by the neighboring people. The results of the two statistical tests, namely Jaccard index and heatmap clustering (double dendrogram) are discussed. The presence of an outlier, such as Bulgaria, which shares borders, history, and culture with Greece and Turkey, emphasizes the importance of local climate on plant distribution and consumption over cultural interactions. The same was observed for some pairs of countries, such as Spain and Morrocco and Turkey and Armenia, although they had the highest number of common plants, that are both distributed and consumed as food.

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“…The image is arresting: African soldiers in October 1934 marching in a victory parade through a major avenue of the northern Spanish city of Gijón. The men formed part of an estimated 2,000 Spanish Legionnaires and Moroccan indigenous forces ('Regulares') who had landed on Asturian shores a few weeks earlier under the overall command of one Francisco Franco, charged with crushing a revolutionary insurrection by militant miners in the region (Shubert 1987;Álvarez 2011). Almost eighteen months later, another uprising, this time led by reactionary elements of Spain's Army Command and their fascist supporters was launched from North Africa.…”

Section: Introduction: Imperial Circuits Of Sovereignty Violence and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

International Political Sociology through the Colonial Mirror: A Contrapuntal Reading of the Spanish Civil War

Colás

2024

International Political Sociology

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This paper invokes Edward Said’s notion of counterpoint to present a transnational sociological account of the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. This contrapuntal reading raises questions of sovereignty, violence, and identity, which—filtered through a political sociological lens—offer novel perspectives on the power of empire and colonialism in relation to these key IR categories. Specifically, I argue that the Spanish colonial frontier in Morocco served as a laboratory for distinctive expressions of transnational state-building, violence, and identity-formation, which were reproduced in the metropolitan heartlands of the Iberian Peninsula during the interwar years. The complex interaction between core and periphery in this period had momentous implications for both Spanish and Moroccan history, many of which continue to play out in contemporary politics across the Gibraltar Strait.

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Mediterranean crossroads: Spanish-Moroccan relations in past and present

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Janus in the Metropole: Moroccan Soldiers and Sexual Violence Against Women in the Spanish Civil War

Janus in the Metropole: Moroccan Soldiers and Sexual Violence Against Women in the Spanish Civil War

Wild species from the family Apiaceae, traditionally used as food in some Mediterranean countries

International Political Sociology through the Colonial Mirror: A Contrapuntal Reading of the Spanish Civil War

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