Mediolateral Episiotomy: Technique, Practice, and Training

Hersh, Sally; Emeis, Cathy

doi:10.1111/jmwh.13096

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Episiotomy is a surgical incision to the perineum made during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening for birth [ 1 ], facilitate the delivery of the fetal head, and reduce the pressure of the fetal head on the pelvic floor tissues [ 2 ]. Episiotomy is one of the most frequently performed procedures on women worldwide [ 3 ]. Although the use of episiotomy is decreasing in developed countries, it still remains high in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Camellia sinensis ointment on perineal pain and episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial

Sayahi,

Jahangirimehr,

Hatami Manesh

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background and objective Episiotomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in obstetrics. complications of episiotomy are pain, bleeding, infection, pain in the sitting position, and difficulty in taking care of the baby. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Camellia sinensis ointment on perineal pain and episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women. Methods This triple-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 primiparous women who were referred to the maternity ward of Al-Hadi hospital in Shoushtar and Ganjovian hospital in Dezful, Iran, from 2020 to 2021. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention (Camellia sinensis extract ointment) and control (placebo) with a follow-up of 14 days. REEDA scale (redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge, and approximation) was used to measure wound healing and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to measure the pain intensity. Results There was no significant difference between two groups before intervention in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, pain intensity, and episiotomy wound status. Scores of pain intensity and wound healing reduced on days 7, 10, and 14 post-intervention in the intervention group compared to placebo. There was a significant decrease between the groups of intervention and control in terms of the mean score of pain intensity (VAS scale) on day 10 (1.33 ± 0.71, 1.77 ± 0.93) and day 14 (0.73 ± 0.74, 1.13 ± 0.81) post-intervention (P < 0.05). Also, on day 14 post-intervention, there was a significant decrease between the groups of intervention and control in terms of the mean score of episiotomy wound healing (REEDA index) (0.53 ± 0.77, 1.77 ± 1.46) (P < 0.05). The GLM test was applied for repeated measures. REEDA index and VAS scale changed during different times (time-variable) (p < .001). But, the studied groups (group variable) and the studied groups (interaction effect of group * time) did not affect the changes in the REEDA index (p = .292, p = .306) and VAS scale (p = .47) during different times. Conclusion Our study showed that Camellia sinensis extract ointment has a small effect on the healing process and pain reduction of episiotomy wounds. to confirm its effect, a study with a larger sample size should be conducted. Trial registration This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on 04/10/2019 with the IRCT ID: IRCT20190804044428N1. Participants were enrolled between 11 April 2020 and 20 January 2021. URL of registry: https://en.irct.ir/trial/41326.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Camellia sinensis ointment on perineal pain and episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial

Sayahi,

Jahangirimehr,

Hatami Manesh

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Episiotomy should be used selectively and restrictively [1][2][3]. The clinical application of this wording is unclear, although operative vaginal delivery could be such a selected situation [3,4]. A rate below 60% is proposed to be selective in a Cochrane review of selective versus routine episiotomy in vaginal birth [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incision point's importance is more debated and defines the main difference between a lateral and a mediolateral episiotomy [14]. The preferred episiotomy length is not established [4,15], but an increasing length could decrease the risk of OASIS [9] Consensus on different types of episiotomies has been published by Kalis et al and include definitions of lateral, mediolateral, and midline episiotomies [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes and knowledge regarding episiotomy use and technique in vacuum extraction: A web-based survey among doctors in Sweden

Ankarcrona¹,

Hesselman²,

Kallner³

et al. 2022

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductiv

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“…Episiotomy is a surgical incision at the vaginal opening performed in the second stage of labor during childbirth (1,2). The purpose of performing an episiotomy is to increase the size of the soft tissue of the pelvis floor, prevent damage to the perineum, facilitate delivery, and reduce the time during childbirth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the effect of Teucrium polium ointment on the episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Episiotomy is a surgical incision at the vaginal opening performed in the second stage of labor during childbirth. The purpose of performing an episiotomy is to increase the size of the soft tissue of the pelvis floor and prevent damage to the perineum, facilitate delivery, and reduce the time during childbirth. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of Teucriumpolium ointment on wound healing in primiparous women. Patients and Methods: This triple-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 84 primiparous women referred to Mahdieh hospital in Tehran. Participants randomly received 2% T. polium ointment and placebo. The first time the ointment was started 24 hours after delivery and continued twice a day for 10 days. Wound healing rate was measured by redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge, and approximation (REEDA) scale on days 1, 5, and 10 postpartum. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: The results were performed on 84 women, 43 people using T. polium ointment and 41 people using placebo ointment. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding obstetrics and demographic characteristics at the beginning of the study. The mean scores of REEDA in the T. polium group in the first 12 hours, days 5 and 10 were significantly different from the placebo group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Wound healing following episiotomy can be accelerated due to antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties of T. polium ointment. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved by the Iranian registry of clinical trial (#IRCT20100130003226N18; https://en.irct.ir/trial/40004, ethical code# IR.SBMU.RETECH.1398.055).

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Mediolateral Episiotomy: Technique, Practice, and Training

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

The effect of Camellia sinensis ointment on perineal pain and episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial

The effect of Camellia sinensis ointment on perineal pain and episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial

Attitudes and knowledge regarding episiotomy use and technique in vacuum extraction: A web-based survey among doctors in Sweden

Evaluation of the effect of Teucrium polium ointment on the episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women

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