Medieval Material and Technological Experiment in the Construction of King Daniel Romanovich’s Residence in Cholm

Gazda, Lucjan; Bevz, Mykoła

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27011-7_2

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the first stage, written references to the castle buildings in the primary sources, in particular in the Galician-Volhynian chronicle, were analyzed; In the second stage, measurements, photo fixations, and descriptions were made and tables with the characteristics of construction and architectural elements were compiled (these data were partially disclosed by us in a special publication [Gazda, 2019]); In the third stage, a detailed petrographic study of stone materials was performed;…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A separate publication for presenting the analysis results of artificial building materials is planned. Part of this information has been written in some articles Gazda, Bevz, 2019]. Uniform color throughout the volume of the block and the absence of defects due to thermal stresses may indicate a controlled firing process in an oxidizing atmosphere.…”

Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It could be formed by surface runoff from High Hill. These data were obtained by field studies of L. Gazda in 2016 [Gazda, 2019].…”

Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larger stones of Sarmatian sandstone and shell conglomerate widespread in the Chełm Hills were used in the foundations and ground parts of Phase 1 buildings or as wall material in Phase 2 construction. An exception among the Sarmatian sandstones is fine-grained quartzite sandstones from the Virgin Mountain, which, like glauconites, were processed into a full-fledged format stone [Gazda, 2019]. They are used in the lower parts of the walls.…”

Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sacred, royal and representative buildings of early Byzantine Christianity or the empire of Charlemagne were built in white and green, and, finally, also were the most architecturally perfect Romanesque cathedrals, created by the so-called builders of the School of Pisa and Tuscany, which appeared in the second half of the 12 th and 13 th centuries. The architectural decoration, which combined green Chełm glauconite and white Galician stone (it could be alabaster or white limestone) [Gazda, Bevz, 2019;Gazda, Bevz, 2020], brought Chełm closer to the fine examples of Byzantine and Romanesque Europe. These examples could have been known to King Daniel through direct and indirect contacts and connections with the Hungarian royal court, but also from his military expedition to the Czechia [Dąbrowski, Jusupović, 2017: 98, 110, 151, 153, 161−163, 179, 190−191, 210, 214].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Building Materials and Architectural Details of Natural Stone used in the 13th Century Castle Buildings of King Daniel in the City of Chełm

Bevz

Gazda²,

Gołub³

2022

teka

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The city of Chełm (Kholm in the past; today located on the territory of Poland) was founded by King of Rus` (Ruthenia) Danylo (Daniel) Romanovych in the middle of the 13th century. Initially, it was a small town with a small castle, but later Daniel rebuilt it and turned it into his capital. Unfortunately, buildings from the 13th century are preserved here only in the form of archaeological remains of the foundations and lower parts of the walls. The great historical significance of this city prompted us to study its building structure. It is important to know from which materials and in which technological solutions a large metropolitan city could have emerged in such a short time in the 13th century. The archaeological reports were the main source base for the study. Reports reflect all results of in-situ fixations of the walls and foundations remains of the castle. These fixations were carried out directly during archaeological research. The analysis shows that Chełm was built using materials from both local deposits and imported ones. Various stone raw materials and bricks were used for construction. It turned out that the main rock for the construction of walls and the manufacture of decorative architectural details was glauconite. The largest quantities of this raw material were used for the castle. Limestone, sandstone, opoka, and fossilized chalk were also used. The nature of the processing of stone materials shows that the builders of the castle had extensive technological knowledge and conducted numerous experiments with materials. The results of the study give an understanding of how castle buildings were erected in the 13th century both in technological and artistic aspects.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It could be formed by surface runoff from High Hill. These data were obtained by field studies of L. Gazda in 2016 [Gazda, 2019].…”

Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%