Medico legal procedures related to sexual assault: a 10-year retrospective experience of a Daphne protocol application

Background: Sexual violence is a major public health problem. The role of forensic examination is very important for collecting evidence on sexual violence cases. The principal aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and pattern of injury in sexual violence victims. In this study, sexual violence in terms of the Indonesian legal framework, especially medicolegal procedures and terms of rape, will also be discussed. Methods: Data for this retrospective study were retrieved from the medicolegal reports (Visum et Repertum) of sexual violence victims obtained from the Forensic Medical Service Center (FMSC) Bhayangkara Hospital Pekanbaru (BHP) over five years starting from January 1, 2010, until the end of December 2014. Result: The average prevalence rate of sexual violence was 13.15/100,000 population/year. The total number of cases was 665, and 94.6% were females. Adolescents composed the highest proportion of cases among both genders. Bruises and abrasions were the most frequent injuries found (17.1% and 14.3%, respectively), with the upper extremity being the most common site. Most victims had ano-genital injury (75.2%), but 77.6% had no bodily injury. There was a significant difference between children and adults regarding bodily injury (P = 0.028), and there was a significant difference between males and females regarding ano-genital injury (P = 0.000). Conclusion: The prevalence of sexual violence was high among living victims in Pekanbaru, with the majority of victims being female. The Indonesian legal framework of sexual violence still adheres to traditional terminology but is making improvements.

Section: Sexual Violencesupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Sexual Violencecontrasting

confidence: 78%

Medicolegal study of sexual violence cases in Pekanbaru, Indonesia: prevalence, pattern, and Indonesian legal framework

Afandi

2018

“…Drug-facilitated crimes (DFCs) have globally increased and are currently a socio-medical emergency worldwide (Zerbo et al 2018). Drug-facilitated crimes are defined as crimes such as robbery, sexual assault, money extortion or battery when committed while the victim is under the influence of drugs (Wang et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-facilitated crime caused by drinks or foods

Gharedaghi

Hassanian‐Moghaddam

Akhgari

et al. 2018

Background: Offenders performing drug-facilitated crime (DFC) generally choose their drug based on its availability and their own attitude. Prevalence of DFC has increased in our society triggering some public concerns. Treatment of the patients strongly depends on the abused drug while the type of the drug involved is generally unknown; hence, we performed a study to determine the most frequently abused drugs to facilitate crimes in Iran. Methods: In a prospective study, all patients who were referred to our medical toxicology ward due to DFC between February 2009 and March 2010 were included. A self-made questionnaire was filled out for each patient. Urine samples were taken on presentation, and drugs were extracted by organic solvents using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. Forensic toxicology urine analyses were performed using immunochromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC) as screening tests. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used as confirmatory methods. Results: In 53 patients, 8 (15.1%) were female and the mean age was 31.6 ± 12.5 years. They were mainly poisoned to facilitate theft (77.4%). Drugs were commonly given in drinks (45.3%) and during transportations (45.4%). The patients had usually been referred with mild loss of consciousness (56.6%), and the most common drugs given were metoclopramide and dextromethorphan (18.9%). No death was documented, and the mean hospitalization period was 1 day. Conclusion: Opioids are the most commonly involved drugs in DFCs in Iran. Metoclopramide, benzodiazepines, and antihistamines are other common drugs used for this purpose. Public health education, training, and empowerment of medical staff dealing with investigating and management of DFC are required.

“…Such program should include divesting the framework for receiving complaints of domestic violence from the Police authorities whose operational procedure in Nigeria can be quite harrowing for both victim and assailant. In addition, introduction of a standardized protocol could streamline and improve evidence gathering as well as health management of victims of sexual violence (Zerbo 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive study of non-fatal interpersonal violence in a Nigerian City

Onyishi

Ohayi

2019

Background: Interpersonal violence is rampant in our society such that the news media is constantly awash with reports of violent incidents. Understanding the peculiarities of violence in a given population is key to devising effective preventive measures. This is a descriptive study of assault victims referred by the police to the Clinical Forensic unit of a University Teaching Hospital. Structured interview using preset questions was conducted on each assault victim. Data obtained was analyzed with IBM SPSS statistics version 20. Descriptive analysis and tests of statistical significance were done as appropriate. This study aimed to determine the peculiar characteristics of interpersonal violence in Enugu, southeastern Nigeria. Results: There were 220 victims and 471 assailants in the study. The age range of victims was 6-80 years and mean age (SD) was 33 (12.5) years. The age range of assailants was 15-65 years with mean age (SD) 34.2 (9.5) years. More males than females were involved either as victims (P = 0.02) or as assailants (P < 0.001). Most of the incidents (36.8%) occurred in residential areas followed by business or workplace-related disagreements (32%). Land dispute was the underlying factor in 3.6% of the cases. The prevalence of intimate partner violence was rather low (2.3%) but this may be due to under reporting. Where guns were involved, they were used as cudgel rather than fire arm. Conclusions: Interpersonal violence often occurred in the context of and as a corollary to a person's life endeavors and daily activities. Most cases of interpersonal violence occurred in residential quarters. Males in active, productive age are mostly involved both as victims and as assailant.