Medicinal properties of terpenes found in Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus

Nuutinen, Tarmo

doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.076

Cited by 209 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 359 publications

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“…This observation is interesting in the context of the flavour-effect associations identified in our 11 work, which were essentially organized into two groups: stimulating and sedative effects. These 12 associations add support to the active role of terpenes (Nuutinen, 2018). The analysis of effect association 13 via terpene content similarity yielded results convergent with those obtained from correlating flavour and 14 effect tags, adding further support to psychoactive effects being mediated by terpenes and/or their synergy 15 with cannabinoids.…”

Section: Tags (Nodes) Related In Terms Of the Correlation Of Their Assupporting

confidence: 62%

“…There is increasing evidence that the subjective and therapeutic effects of cannabis are a result of the 13 synergy between a diverse group of active ingredients which include THC and CBD, alongside other 14 cannabinoids and terpenes (Baron, 2018;Nuutinen, 2018;Russo, 2011). This observation supports the need 15 for a multi-dimensional characterization that does not neglect terpene content, and therefore the associated 16 flavours.…”

Section: Tags (Nodes) Related In Terms Of the Correlation Of Their Asmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Given that terpenes can be synergetic to cannabinoids (Nuutinen, 2018;Russo, 2011), and noting the 2 distribution of strains presented in Fig. 1, i.e.…”

Section: Correlation Between Effect and Flavour Tagsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…depending on factors such as age, environmental conditions, generation, and geographical location (Casano 26 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 and have psychoactive properties by themselves (Nuutinen, 2018). It follows from our analysis that users 9 could count on perceptual faculties to select strains when seeking specific effects.…”

Section: Tags (Nodes) Related In Terms Of the Correlation Of Their Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants contain over 400 compounds, including more than 60 cannabinoids, the main active 25 molecules being tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). These two cannabinoids were often 26 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 considered the only chemicals involved in the medicinal properties and psychoactive effects associated with 1 cannabis, and remain the only ones screened when evaluating strain chemotypes ( However, increasing evidence supports the relevance of terpenes and terpenoids, molecules responsible for 4 the flavour and scent of the plants, both as synergetic to cannabinoids and as active compounds by 5 themselves (Henry, 2017;Hillig, 2004;Nuutinen, 2018;Russo, 2011). Flavours have predictive value at 6 strain level (Gilbert & DiVerdi, 2018) that may not be superseded by the determination of the species, or 7 even by quantification of THC and CBD content (Jikomes & Zoorob, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Over eight hundred cannabis strains characterized by the relationship between their psychoactive effects, perceptual profiles, and chemical compositions

Fuente

Zamberlán

Ferrán

et al. 2019

Preprint

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1Background: Commercially available cannabis strains have multiplied in recent years as a consequence of 2 regional changes in legislation for medicinal and recreational use. Lack of a standardized system to label 3 plants and seeds hinders the consistent identification of particular strains with their elicited psychoactive 4 effects. The objective of this work was to leverage information extracted from large databases to improve 5 the identification and characterization of cannabis strains. 6 Methods:We analyzed a large publicly available dataset where users freely reported their experiences with 7 cannabis strains, including different subjective effects and flavour associations. This analysis was 8 complemented with information on the chemical composition of a subset of the strains. Both supervised 9and unsupervised machine learning algorithms were applied to classify strains based on self-reported and 10 objective features. 11Results: Metrics of strain similarity based on self-reported effect and flavour tags allowed machine learning 12 classification into three major clusters corresponding to Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and hybrids. 13Synergy between terpene and cannabinoid content was suggested by significative correlations between 14 psychoactive effect and flavour tags. The use of predefined tags was validated by applying semantic 15 analysis tools to unstructured written reviews, also providing breed-specific topics consistent with their 16 purported medicinal and subjective effects. While cannabinoid content was variable even within individual 17 strains, terpene profiles matched the perceptual characterizations made by the users and could be used to 18 predict associations between different psychoactive effects. 19Conclusions: Our work represents the first data-driven synthesis of self-reported and chemical information 20 in a large number of cannabis strains. Since terpene content is robustly inherited and less influenced by 21 environmental factors, flavour perception could represent a reliable marker to predict the psychoactive 22 effects of cannabis. Our novel methodology contributes to meet the demands for reliable strain classification 23 and characterization in the context of an ever-growing market for medicinal and recreational cannabis. 24 25

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Section: Tags (Nodes) Related In Terms Of the Correlation Of Their Assupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Tags (Nodes) Related In Terms Of the Correlation Of Their Asmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Given that terpenes can be synergetic to cannabinoids (Nuutinen, 2018;Russo, 2011), and noting the 2 distribution of strains presented in Fig. 1, i.e.…”

Section: Correlation Between Effect and Flavour Tagsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Tags (Nodes) Related In Terms Of the Correlation Of Their Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Over eight hundred cannabis strains characterized by the relationship between their psychoactive effects, perceptual profiles, and chemical compositions

Fuente

Zamberlán

Ferrán

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Bioactive compounds and functional properties of Rambai (Baccaurea motleyana Müll. Arg.) fruit: A comprehensive review

Debnath

Ahmad

Mahedi

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Rambai (Baccaurea motleyana Müll. Arg.), a member of the Phyllanthaceae family, is one of the underutilized fruits native to Indonesia, Malaya Peninsula, and Thailand. Nowadays, B. motleyana is cultivated for its fruits in many parts of Northern Australia, China, and Southeast Asia. The edible part of the fruit is white and contains reddish arillodes that taste sweet to acid‐sweet. The ripe fruit is consumed fresh and can be processed into juice, jams, organic vinegar, and wine. Traditionally, the fruit and its bark are used to treat stomach and eye diseases, respectively. The fruits of B. motleyana are a good source of vitamins, minerals, and fibers, and they also contain bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and terpenes. This scientific review describes the nutritional composition, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of B. motleyana. In addition, most recent information is provided to promote the widespread consumption of B. motleyana fruit as well as to create research interest on this interesting species among the scientific community.

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Potential molecular mechanisms of myrtenal against colon cancer: A systematic review

Boopathy,

Roy,

Gopal

et al. 2023

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Colon cancer is a serious health problem across the globe with various dietary lifestyle modifications. It arises as an inflammation mediated crypts in the colon epithelial cells and undergoes uncontrolled cell division and proliferation. Bacterial enzymes contribute to a major outbreak in colon cancer development upon the release of toxic metabolites from the gut microflora. Pathogen associated molecular patterns and damage associated molecular patterns triggers the NLPR3 inflammasome pathways that releases pro‐inflammatory cytokines to induce cancer of the colon. Contributing to this, specific chemokines and receptor complexes attribute to cellular proliferation and metastasis. Bacterial enzymes synergistically attack the colon mucosa and degenerate the cellular integrity causing lysosomal discharge. These factors further instigate the Tol like receptors (TLRs) and Nod like receptors (NLRs) to promote angiogenesis and supply nutrients for the cancer cells. Myrtenal, a monoterpene, is gaining more importance in recent times and it is being widely utilized against many diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Based on the research data's, the reviews focus on the anticancer property of myrtenal by emphasizing its therapeutic properties which downregulate the inflammasome pathways and other signalling pathways. Combination therapy is gaining more importance as they can target every variant in the cellular stress condition. Clinical studies with compounds like myrtenal of the monoterpenes family is provided with positive results which might open an effective anticancer drug therapy. This review highlights myrtenal and its biological potency as a cost effective drug for prevention and treatment of colon cancer.

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Medicinal properties of terpenes found in Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus

Cited by 209 publications

References 359 publications

Over eight hundred cannabis strains characterized by the relationship between their psychoactive effects, perceptual profiles, and chemical compositions

Over eight hundred cannabis strains characterized by the relationship between their psychoactive effects, perceptual profiles, and chemical compositions

Bioactive compounds and functional properties of Rambai (Baccaurea motleyana Müll. Arg.) fruit: A comprehensive review

Potential molecular mechanisms of myrtenal against colon cancer: A systematic review

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