Potential molecular mechanisms of myrtenal against colon cancer: A systematic review

Abstract

Colon cancer is a serious health problem across the globe with various dietary lifestyle modifications. It arises as an inflammation mediated crypts in the colon epithelial cells and undergoes uncontrolled cell division and proliferation. Bacterial enzymes contribute to a major outbreak in colon cancer development upon the release of toxic metabolites from the gut microflora. Pathogen associated molecular patterns and damage associated molecular patterns triggers the NLPR3 inflammasome pathways that releases pro‐inflammatory cytokines to induce cancer of the colon. Contributing to this, specific chemokines and receptor complexes attribute to cellular proliferation and metastasis. Bacterial enzymes synergistically attack the colon mucosa and degenerate the cellular integrity causing lysosomal discharge. These factors further instigate the Tol like receptors (TLRs) and Nod like receptors (NLRs) to promote angiogenesis and supply nutrients for the cancer cells. Myrtenal, a monoterpene, is gaining more importance in recent times and it is being widely utilized against many diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Based on the research data's, the reviews focus on the anticancer property of myrtenal by emphasizing its therapeutic properties which downregulate the inflammasome pathways and other signalling pathways. Combination therapy is gaining more importance as they can target every variant in the cellular stress condition. Clinical studies with compounds like myrtenal of the monoterpenes family is provided with positive results which might open an effective anticancer drug therapy. This review highlights myrtenal and its biological potency as a cost effective drug for prevention and treatment of colon cancer.

Inflammasomes Are Influenced by Epigenetic and Autophagy Mechanisms in Colorectal Cancer Signaling

“…Monoterpenes such as myrtenal and citronellol have become increasingly significant in recent years, finding extensive application in the treatment of various ailments, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders. The therapeutic properties of monoterpenes, which inhibit inflammasomes, autophagy, and other signaling pathways [ 124 , 125 ], underpin their anticancer properties. Combination therapies are becoming increasingly significant due to their ability to target each variant of cellular stress.…”

The importance of protein domain mutations in cancer therapy

“…Cancer is a complex disease characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of cells in the body. The disease is caused by genetic and environmental factors which lead to the accumulation of mutations [ 1 ]. It is considered a leading cause of death in many countries.…”