Medicinal Herbs Effective Against Atherosclerosis: Classification According to Mechanism of Action

Kim, Jae-Yong; Shim, Sang Hee

doi:10.4062/biomolther.2018.231

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…us, drugs including medicinal plants with hypolipidemic/antihyperlipidemic activities could equally be considered antiatherosclerotic and cardioprotective [108][109][110]. us, the hypolipidemic/antihyperlipidemic activity of CVE observed in this study is in tandem with those previously reported for Clerodendrum volubile and related species [32,80,[111][112][113][114].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…It is equally well documented in the literature that a direct relationship exists between hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis which is considered as a major cause of cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease [ 105 – 107 ]. Thus, drugs including medicinal plants with hypolipidemic/antihyperlipidemic activities could equally be considered antiatherosclerotic and cardioprotective [ 108 – 110 ]. Thus, the hypolipidemic/antihyperlipidemic activity of CVE observed in this study is in tandem with those previously reported for Clerodendrum volubile and related species [ 32 , 80 , 111 – 114 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clerodendrum volubileEthanol Leaf Extract: A Potential Antidote to Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

Olorundare

Adeneye

Akinsola

et al. 2020

Journal of Toxicology

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Doxorubicin is widely applied in hematological and solid tumor treatment but limited by its off-target cardiotoxicity. Thus, cardioprotective potential and mechanism(s) of CVE in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity were investigated using cardiac and oxidative stress markers and histopathological endpoints. 50–400 mg/kg/day CVE in 5% DMSO in distilled water were investigated in Wistar rats intraperitoneally injected with 2.5 mg/kg DOX on alternate days for 14 days, using serum troponin I and LDH, complete lipid profile, cardiac tissue oxidative stress marker assays, and histopathological examination of DOX-treated cardiac tissue. Preliminary qualitative and quantitative assays of CVE’s secondary metabolites were also conducted. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of flavonoids (34.79 ± 0.37 mg/100 mg dry extract), alkaloids (36.73 ± 0.27 mg/100 mg dry extract), reducing sugars (07.78 ± 0.09 mg/100 mg dry extract), and cardiac glycosides (24.55 ± 0.12 mg/100 mg dry extract). 50–400 mg/kg/day CVE significantly attenuated increases in the serum LDH and troponin I levels. Similarly, the CVE dose unrelatedly decreased serum TG and VLDL-c levels without significant alterations in the serum TC, HDL-c, and LDL-c levels. Also, CVE profoundly attenuated alterations in the cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers’ activities while improving DOX-associated cardiac histological lesions that were possibly mediated via free radical scavenging and/or antioxidant mechanisms. Overall, CVE may play a significant therapeutic role in the management of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clerodendrum volubileEthanol Leaf Extract: A Potential Antidote to Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

Olorundare

Adeneye

Akinsola

et al. 2020

Journal of Toxicology

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“…The number of 33 compounds out of 35 did not surpass 140Å². Both Formic acid, (3,5-dinitrophenyl)amino-, [3-(ethoxycarbonyl)prop-2-yl] ester (PubChem ID: 552329) and 4,9a-Bis(acetyloxy)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-4a,7b-dihydroxy 1,6,1b,4,4a,5,7a,7b,8,9,4]benzo [1,2-E]azulen-9-yl acetate # (PubChem ID: 538181) were not accepted within the border. This information was exhibited in Table 2.…”

Section: Potential Bioactive Compounds From Sbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The natural product extracts are relatively safe, although some include unexpected adverse side effects such as headache, vomiting, dizziness, and constipation [8]. Also, medicinal herbal plants have been considered one of the most substantial therapeutics for alleviating and preventing congestive heart failure, including AS [9]. The medicinal mushrooms categorized into natural products also have diverse pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-in ammatory, and antiatherogenic activities [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A network pharmacology analysis on drug-like compounds from Ganoderma lucidum for alleviation of Atherosclerosis

Adnan

Cho

2021

Preprint

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Background: Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is known as a potent alleviator against chronic inflammatory disease like atherosclerosis (AS), but its critical bioactive compounds and their mechanisms against AS have not been unveiled. This research aimed to identify the key compounds(s) and mechanism(s) of GL against AS through network pharmacology.Methods: The compounds from GL were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS), and SwissADME screened their physicochemical properties. Then, the gene(s) associated with the screened compound(s) or AS related genes were identified by public databases, and we selected the overlapping genes using a Venn diagram. The networks between overlapping genes and compounds were visualized, constructed, and analyzed by RStudio. Finally, we performed molecular docking test (MDT) to identify key gene(s), compound(s) on AutoDockVina.Results: A total of 35 compounds in GL was detected via GC-MS, and 34 compounds (accepted by the Lipinski's rule) were selected as drug-like compounds (DLCs). A total of 34 compounds were connected to the number of 785 genes and 2,606 AS-related genes were identified by DisGeNET and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). The final 98 overlapping genes were extracted between the compounds-genes network and AS-related genes. On Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, the number of 27 signaling pathways were sorted out, and a hub signaling pathway (MAPK signaling pathway), a core gene (PRKCA), and a key compound (Benzamide, 4-acetyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)) were selected among the 27 signaling pathways via MDT. Conclusion: Overall, we found that the identified 3 DLCs from GL have potent anti-inflammatory efficacy, improving AS by inactivating the MAPK signaling pathway.

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“…The natural product extracts are relatively safe, including unexpected adverse side effects such as headaches, vomiting, dizziness, and constipation (Ekor, 2014). Also, medicinal herbal plants have been considered one of the most substantial therapeutics for alleviating and preventing congestive heart failure, including AS (Kim & Shim, 2019). The medicinal mushrooms categorized into natural products also have diverse pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, antitumor, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐atherogenic activities (Lindequist et al., 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A network pharmacology analysis on drug‐like compounds from Ganoderma lucidum for alleviation of atherosclerosis

Adnan

Cho

2021

J Food Biochem

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Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is known as a potent alleviator against chronic inflammatory disease like atherosclerosis (AS), but its mechanisms against AS have not been unveiled. This research aimed to identify the key compounds(s) and mechanism(s) of GL against AS through network pharmacology. The compounds from GL were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrum (GC‐MS), and SwissADME screened their physicochemical properties. Then, the target(s) associated with the screened compound(s) or AS related targets were identified by public databases, and we selected the overlapping targets using a Venn diagram. The networks between overlapping targets and compounds were visualized, constructed, and analyzed by RStudio. Finally, we performed a molecular docking test (MDT) to explore key target(s), compound(s), on AutoDockVina. A total of 35 compounds in GL were detected via GC‐MS, and 34 compounds (accepted by Lipinski's rule) were selected as drug‐like compounds (DLCs). A total of 34 compounds were connected to the number of 785 targets, and DisGeNET and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) identified 2,606 AS‐related targets. The final 98 overlapping targets were extracted between the compounds‐targets and AS‐related targets. On Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, the number of 27 signaling pathways were sorted out, and a hub signaling pathway (MAPK signaling pathway), a core gene (PRKCA), and a key compound (Benzamide, 4‐acetyl‐N‐[2,6‐dimethylphenyl]) were selected among the 27 signaling pathways via MDT. Overall, we found that the identified 3 DLCs from GL have potent anti‐inflammatory efficacy, improving AS by inactivating the MAPK signaling pathway. Practical applications Ganoderma lucidum (GL) has been used as a medicinal or edible mushroom for chronic inflammatory patients: diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, especially atherosclerosis (AS). Until now, the majority of mushroom research has been implemented regarding β‐glucan derivatives with very hydrophilic physicochemical properties. It implies that β‐glucan or its derivatives have poor bioavailability. Hence, we have involved GC‐MS in identifying lipophilic compounds from GL, which filtered them in silico to sort drug‐like compounds (DLCs). Then, we retrieved targets associated with the DLCs, and identified a key signaling pathway, key targets, and key compounds against AS. In this paper, we utilized bioinformatics and network pharmacology theory to understand the uncovered pharmacological mechanism of GL on AS. To sum things up, our analysis elucidates the relationships between signaling pathways, targets, and compounds in GL. Ultimately, this work provides biochemical evidence to identify the therapeutic effect of GL on AS, and a scientific basis for deciphering the key mechanism on DLCs of GL against AS.

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Medicinal Herbs Effective Against Atherosclerosis: Classification According to Mechanism of Action

Cited by 19 publications

References 72 publications

Clerodendrum volubileEthanol Leaf Extract: A Potential Antidote to Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

Clerodendrum volubileEthanol Leaf Extract: A Potential Antidote to Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

A network pharmacology analysis on drug-like compounds from Ganoderma lucidum for alleviation of Atherosclerosis

A network pharmacology analysis on drug‐like compounds from Ganoderma lucidum for alleviation of atherosclerosis

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