Medicating the environment: assessing risks of pharmaceuticals to wildlife and ecosystems

Arnold, Kathryn E.; Brown, A. Ross; Ankley, Gerald T.; Sumpter, John P.

doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0569

Cited by 334 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Changes in overall level of response, consistency, and relationships of behavior across contexts may produce individual-and population-level consequences if these behaviors are crucial to survival in complex physical and/or social environments. If exposure affects boldness, fitness may be decreased as individuals that fail to forage, avoid predators or attract mates will obviously have decreased fitness (Arnold et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-dependent fluoxetine effects on boldness in male Siamese fighting fish

Dzieweczynski

Campbell

Kane

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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As the use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) continues to rise, these compounds enter the environment in increasing frequency. One such PPCP, fluoxetine, has been found in detectable amounts in aquatic ecosystems worldwide, where it may interfere with the behavior of exposed organisms. Fluoxetine exposure has been found to influence boldness and exploration in a range of fish species; however, how it might alter behavior in multiple contexts or over time is rarely examined. To this end, the effects of fluoxetine on boldness over time were studied in male Siamese fighting fish. Three different groups of males (0, 0.5 and 5 µg l −1 fluoxetine) were tested in multiple boldness assays (empty tank, novel environment and shoal) once a week for 3 weeks to collect baseline measures and then at three different time points postexposure. The effects of these varying exposure amounts on behavior were then examined for overall response, consistency and across-context correlations. Unexposed males were bolder in all contexts, were more consistent within a context, and had stronger between-context correlations than exposed males. Fluoxetine had dose-dependent effects on behavior, as males that received the higher dose exhibited greater behavioral effects. This study stresses the potential fitness consequences of fluoxetine exposure and suggests that examining behavioral effects of PPCPs under different dosing regimens and in multiple contexts is important to gain an increased understanding of how exposure affects behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-dependent fluoxetine effects on boldness in male Siamese fighting fish

Dzieweczynski

Campbell

Kane

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Studies have highlighted the chronic impacts that certain drugs can have on aquatic organisms, especially fish [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In terrestrial systems, PIE has received less attention, yet one drug has had an acute impact on global population sizes of at least three bird species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until recently, the documented effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment (PIE) on non-target biota were largely from freshwater systems [1]. Studies have highlighted the chronic impacts that certain drugs can have on aquatic organisms, especially fish [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian scavengers and the threat from veterinary pharmaceuticals

Cuthbert

Taggart

Prakash

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Veterinary use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac on domesticated ungulates caused populations of resident Gyps vultures in the Indian sub-continent to collapse. The birds died when they fed on carrion from treated animals. Veterinary diclofenac was banned in 2006 and meloxicam was advocated as a ‘vulture-safe’ alternative. We examine the effectiveness of the 2006 ban, whether meloxicam has replaced diclofenac, and the impact of these changes on vultures. Drug residue data from liver samples collected from ungulate carcasses in India since 2004 demonstrate that the prevalence of diclofenac in carcasses in 2009 was half of that before the ban and meloxicam prevalence increased by 44%. The expected vulture death rate from diclofenac per meal in 2009 was one-third of that before the ban. Surveys at veterinary clinics show that diclofenac use in India began in 1994, coinciding with the onset of rapid Gyps declines ascertained from measured rates of declines. Our study shows that one pharmaceutical product has had a devastating impact on Asia's vultures. Large-scale research and survey were needed to detect, diagnose and quantify the problem and measure the response to remedial actions. Given these difficulties, other effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment may remain undetected.

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“…The demand for pharmaceuticals has resulted in a consequent increase in pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in the world and hence increased pharmaceutical waste which most times contain substantial amount of heavy metals. Pharmaceutical residues in the environment, and their potential toxic effects, have been recognized as one of the emerging research area in the environmental chemistry [10,11]. Pharmaceutical effluents are usually discharged into the environment and when improperly handled and disposed, they affect both human health and the environment [12,13].…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Absorption Process for Heavy Metals Removal found in Pharmaceutical Wastewater

Radaideh¹,

Abdulgader²,

Barjenbruch³

2017

J Med Toxicol Clin Forensic

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This study focused on the adsorption/absorption process of natural volcanic tuff, its application, kinetics, efficiency, velocity and selectivity order in removing heavy metals found in pharmaceutical wastewater.Series of experiments were conducted in batch-wise and fixed-bed columns to study the removal performance and selectivity sequence of mixed metal ions (Pb ) in aqueous solution using natural volcanic tuff material as adsorbent. The main purpose of this study is to highlight the economical application of the method in treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.Heavy metal salts were used to prepare synthetic pharmaceutical wastewater containing a mixture of different metal ions concentrations ranged from 1 to 20 mg/L were to be applied to columns packed with natural volcanic tuff rich in zeolite ranged between (0.50-3.50 mm ) in grain size. Photometric procedure was used for sample analysis. The absorption experiments were carried out under changing conditions, different pH-values (2, 4, 6 and 7), initial solute concentrations (1, 5 and 10) mg/L, different temperatures (10, 20 and 30°C) and varying tuff particle sizes (0.50-3.50) mm.The results showed that Freundlich model described satisfactorily sorption of Cu 2+ and Fe 2+. Used volcanic tuff exhibit efficiency in removing heavy metals ranging from 45-99% of the added Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and Fe metal concentrations, respectively. According to the percentage sorption and distribution coefficients values, the selectivity sequence of studied metals by volcanic tuff is strongly dependent of pH, however approximating all results a selectivity sequence can be given as Pb ≥ Fe>Cr>Zn>Cu at pH around 2 and a selectivity sequence as Fe>Cu>Cr>Zn>Pb at pH=6-7. The result confirms that natural volcanic tuff hold great potential to remove cationic heavy metal species from industrial wastewater. of heavy metals, much attention has been paid for occurrence, concentrations, movement, fate and the anticipated health and environmental risks that may arise from these heavy metals since they have direct exposure to humans and other organisms [8,9]. The demand for pharmaceuticals has resulted in a consequent increase in pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in the world and hence increased pharmaceutical waste which most times contain substantial amount of heavy metals. Pharmaceutical residues in the environment, and their potential toxic effects, have been recognized as one of the emerging research area in the environmental chemistry [10,11]. Pharmaceutical effluents are usually discharged into the environment and when improperly handled and disposed, they affect both human health and the environment [12,13]. KeywordsThe presence of pharmaceutical compounds in waters comes from two different sources: production processes of the pharmaceutical industry and common use of pharmaceutical compounds resulting in their presence in urban wastewaters [14][15][16][17]. The pharmaceutical wastewaters generated in different processes in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and drugs cont...

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Medicating the environment: assessing risks of pharmaceuticals to wildlife and ecosystems

Cited by 334 publications

References 89 publications

Dose-dependent fluoxetine effects on boldness in male Siamese fighting fish

Dose-dependent fluoxetine effects on boldness in male Siamese fighting fish

Avian scavengers and the threat from veterinary pharmaceuticals

Evaluation of Absorption Process for Heavy Metals Removal found in Pharmaceutical Wastewater

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