Medical Management of Hyperlipidemia/Dyslipidemia

Kreisberg, Robert A.; Oberman, Albert

doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030388

Cited by 54 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…The inclusion criterions to determine the sample were: (1) Employee of UGM registered as member of GMC health center, (2) Able to communicate properly, based on observation (interview with subject), (3) Have a good memory, based on observation (interview with subject), (4) Willing to be interviewed and sign the informed consent. The total number of subjects in this study was 179 subjects.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The correlation of obesity, smoking, fried foods consumption pattern and food intake with lipid profile in civil servant in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Sudargo

Sari

Naomi

2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Dyslipidemia is an abnormal change in the levels of lipid profile such as increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides or decreased levels of HDL. The proportion of the Indonesian population (> 15 years old) with a total cholesterol level above the normal value amounted to 35,9%. Objective: To determine the correlation of obesity, smoking, fried food consumption pattern and food intake with lipid profile in civil servant in Yogyakarta.Methods: This study is an observational study with cross sectional design at employees of Gadjah Mada University who perform medical check-up at the GMC-Health Center Yogyakarta. There are 179 respondents in the study. Subjects are categorized to have dyslipidemia (based on NCEP ATP III criteria) if it meets ≥ 1 of the following criteria: (1) Total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL; (2) LDL cholesterol ≥ 130 mg / dL; (3) HDL cholesterol < 40 mg / dL; and (4) Triglycerides ≥150 mg / dL. Fried food consumption patterns and food intake is obtained using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data were analyzed by Chi Square, Independent t test and Mann Whitney test (adjusted for scale variables used) with a confidence level of 95%.Results: One hundred and fifty five of 179 respondents (87.3%) diagnosed with dyslipidemia. There are 52% abnormal cholesterol, abnormal LDL 67%, 43% and 28.5% with abnormal HDL and abnormal triglycerides, respectively. The statistical test showed the correlation of obesity (p=0,022), smoking (p=0,013), the type of fried food (p=0.047), the amount of fried foods (p=0,013) and fat intake from fried foods (p=0.036) has significant association with lipid profile levels.Conclusions: There is significant correlation between obesity, smoking, type of fried food, amount of fried foods and fat intake from fried food with lipid profile levels.

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Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 High consumption of fried food is one of the causes of high intake of saturated fat. Majority of Indonesian used oil for cooking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation of obesity, smoking, fried foods consumption pattern and food intake with lipid profile in civil servant in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Sudargo

Sari

Naomi

2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…However, these medications can worsen triglyceride levels and should not typically be used in patients with significantly elevated triglycerides. 25,26 …”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, this allows for titration of the medicines to appropriate levels in an expedient manner. 26 This testing interval may continue until the therapeutic goal is reached. Once stable, the interval between testing can be extended to every 6 months.…”

Section: Follow Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertriglyceridemia

Pejic¹,

Lee²

2006

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

105

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Hypertriglyceridemia is a commonly encountered lipid abnormality frequently associated with other lipid and metabolic derangements. The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends obtaining a fasting lipid panel in adults over the age of 20. The discovery of hypertriglyceridemia should prompt an investigation for secondary causes such as high fat diet, excessive alcohol intake, certain medications, and medical conditions (eg, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism). In addition, patients should be evaluated for other components of the metabolic syndrome. These include abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high triglyceride, and hypertension. Hypertriglyceridemia is classified as primary hypertriglyceridemia when there are no secondary causes identified. Primary hypertriglyceridemia is the result of various genetic defects leading to disordered triglyceride metabolism. It is important to treat hypertriglyceridemia to prevent pancreatitis by reducing triglyceride levels to <500 mg/dL. Furthermore, lowering triglycerides while treating other dyslipidemias and components of the metabolic syndrome will reduce coronary events. However, it is controversial how much isolated hypertriglyceridemia correlates directly with coronary artery disease and further studies are needed to clarify whether treatment for this condition leads to meaningful clinical outcomes. Therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) are the first line of treatment for hypertriglyceridemia. These changes include a low saturated fat, carbohydrate-controlled diet, combined with alcohol reduction, smoking cessation, and regular aerobic exercise. High doses of omega-3 fatty acids from fish and fish oil supplements will lower triglyceride levels significantly. When patients do not reach their goals by TLC, drug therapy should be started. In cases of isolated hypertriglyceridemia, fibrates are initially considered. When elevated low-density lipoprotein levels accompany hypertriglyceridemia, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors are preferred. In patients with low HDL levels and hypertriglyceridemia, extended release niacin can be considered.

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“…The most common dyslipidemia treatment, however, is a carefully regulated regimen of diet and exercise. More serious conditions may require a combination of exercise, medication, and surgery to prevent life-threatening complications 3 . Therefore, antioxidants and lipid lowering agents play a major role in prevention of CHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%