Medical countermeasures for unwanted CBRN exposures: Part I chemical and biological threats with review of recent countermeasure patents

Singh, Vijay K.; Garcia, Melissa; Wise, Stephen Y.; Seed, Thomas M.

doi:10.1080/13543776.2017.1233178

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…154 Filgrastim was approved based on preclinical validation in mice, canine, minipigs and nonhuman primates. 155 The preclinical studies demonstrated increased survival and improved recovery of neutrophils after radiotherapy. G-CSF at 10 µg/kg/day increased the human primate survival after exposure to 7.5 Gy (LD 50/60 ) compared with vehicle controls, and decreased the duration of neutropenia 156 .…”

Section: Radiation Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repurposing Drugs for Cancer Radiotherapy

Nasti

Buchwald²,

Weichselbaum³

et al. 2019

Cancer J

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It has long been recognized that combining radiotherapy with cytotoxic drugs such as cisplatin can improve efficacy. However, while concurrent chemo-radiotherapy improves patient outcomes, it comes at costs of increased toxicity. A tremendous opportunity remains to investigate drug combinations in the clinical setting that might increase the benefits of radiation without additional toxicity. This chapter highlights opportunities to apply repurposing of drugs along with a mechanistic understanding of radiation effects on cancer and normal tissue to discover new therapy-modifying drugs, and help rapidly translate them to the clinic. We survey candidate radiosensitizers that alter DNA repair, decrease hypoxia, block tumor survival signaling, modify tumor metabolism, block growth factor signaling, slow tumor invasiveness, impair angiogenesis, or stimulate anti-tumor immunity. Promising agents include such widely used drugs as aspirin, metformin and statins, offering the potential to improve outcomes, decrease radiation doses and lower costs. Many other candidate drugs are also discussed.

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Section: Radiation Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repurposing Drugs for Cancer Radiotherapy

Nasti

Buchwald²,

Weichselbaum³

et al. 2019

Cancer J

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“…On the other hand, launching drones above a heat source causing severe turbulence requires the ability to predict and control their behavior, lest theybelost immediately. The situation is analogous, whenever the accidental or deliberate release of Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) substances is involved [1][2][3][4]. The Chemical-Biological-Radiological-Nuclear-explosive (CBRNe) events management is one of the most complex sets of analysis, procedures, rules, and courses of actions that an organization has to follow in order to properly react to such a threat and minimize its consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Radiation Detection by Drones through Numerical Fluid Dynamics Simulations

Marturano

Ciparisse

Chierici

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This study addresses the optimization of the location of a radioactive-particle sensor on a drone. Based on the analysis of the physical process and of the boundary conditions introduced in the model, computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to analyze how the turbulence caused by drone propellers may influence the response of the sensors. Our initial focus was the detection of a small amount of radioactivity, such as that associated with a release of medical waste. Drones equipped with selective low-cost sensors could be quickly sent to dangerous areas that first responders might not have access to and be able to assess the level of danger in a few seconds, providing details about the source terms to Radiological-Nuclear (RN) advisors and decision-makers. Our ultimate application is the simulation of complex scenarios where fluid-dynamic instabilities are combined with elevated levels of radioactivity, as was the case during the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents. In similar circumstances, accurate mapping of the radioactive plume would provide invaluable input-data for the mathematical models that can predict the dispersion of radioactivity in time and space. This information could be used as input for predictive models and decision support systems (DSS) to get a full situational awareness. In particular, these models may be used either to guide the safe intervention of first responders or the later need to evacuate affected regions.

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“…With the growing threat of terrorism, the possible intoxication caused by these agents is relatively high. Due to this, many countries are focused on the development of novel more efficient antidotes against these agents 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Toxic Injuries of Rat’s Visceral Tissues Induced by Different Oximes

Jacević

Nepovimová

Kuča

2019

Sci Rep

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Certain AChE reactivators, asoxime, obidoxime, K027, K048, and K075, when taken in overdoses and sometimes even when introduced within therapeutic ranges, may injure the different organs. As a continuation of previously published data, in this study, Wistar rats have sacrificed 24 hrs and 7 days after single im application of 0.1LD50, 0.5LD50 and 1.0LD50 of each reactivator, and examinated tissue samples were obtained for pathohistological and semiquantitative analysis. A severity of tissue alteration, expressed as different tissue damage scores were evaluated. Morphological structure of examinated tissues treated with of 0.1LD50 of all reactivators was comparable with the control group of rats. Moderate injuries were seen in visceral tissues treated with 0.5LD50 of asoxime, obidoxime and K027. Acute damages were enlarged after treatment with 0.5LD50 and 1.0LD50 of all reactivators during the next 7 days. The most prominent changes were seen in rats treated with 1.0LD50 of K048 and K075 (P < 0.001 vs. control and asoxime-treated group). All reactivators given by a single, high, unitary dose regimen, have an adverse effect not only on the main visceral tissue, but on the whole rat as well, but the exact mechanism of cellular injury remains to be confirmed in further investigation.

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Medical countermeasures for unwanted CBRN exposures: Part I chemical and biological threats with review of recent countermeasure patents

Cited by 14 publications

References 65 publications

Repurposing Drugs for Cancer Radiotherapy

Repurposing Drugs for Cancer Radiotherapy

Enhancing Radiation Detection by Drones through Numerical Fluid Dynamics Simulations

Acute Toxic Injuries of Rat’s Visceral Tissues Induced by Different Oximes

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