Medical Capacity Building Efforts in Northern Iraq 2009–2010

Michaud, Edward C.; Maxwell, Gail

doi:10.7205/milmed-d-11-00433

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These studies found that conflict negatively affect the education and training of health workers leading to inadequate competencies, lower quality of education and limited professional development [ 20 - 23 ]. The training areas commonly tackled by the papers were emergency medicine, trauma care, first aid and midwifery [ 20 , 24 - 29 ]. The training were mainly provided by international aid organizations and through distant learning such as tele-education [ 20 , 23 , 28 - 31 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Care Workers in the setting of the “Arab Spring”: a scoping review for the Lancet-AUB Commission on Syria

Bou-Karroum

Daou

Nomier

et al. 2018

Journal of Global Health

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Background“Health Care Workers in Conflict Areas” emerged as one of the priority themes for a Lancet Commission addressing health in conflict. The objective of our study was to conduct a scoping review on health workers in the setting of the Syrian conflict, addressing four topics of interest: violence against health care workers, education, practicing in conflict setting, and migration.MethodsConsidering the likelihood of scarcity of data, we broadened the scope of the scoping review to include indirect evidence on health care workers from other countries affected by the “Arab Spring”. We electronically searched six electronic databases. We conducted descriptive analysis of the general characteristics of the included papers. We also used the results of this scoping review to build an evidence gap map.ResultsOut of the 11 165 identified citations, 136 met our eligibility criteria. The majority of the articles tackled the issue of violence against health care workers (63%) followed by practicing in conflict setting (19%), migration (17%) and education (10%). Countries in focus of most articles were: Syria (35%), Iraq (33%), and Bahrain (29%). News, editorials, commentaries and opinion pieces made up 81% of all included papers, while primary studies made up only 9%. All the primary studies identified in this review were conducted on Iraq. Most of the articles about violence against health care workers were on Bahrain, followed by Syria and Iraq. The first and corresponding authors were most frequently affiliated with institutions from non-Arab countries (79% and 79% respectively).ConclusionsResearch evidence on health care workers in the setting of the “Arab Spring” is scarce. This review and the gap map can inform the research agendas of funders and researchers working in the field of health care workers in conflict setting. More well-designed primary studies are needed to inform the decisions of policymakers and other interested parties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Care Workers in the setting of the “Arab Spring”: a scoping review for the Lancet-AUB Commission on Syria

Bou-Karroum

Daou

Nomier

et al. 2018

Journal of Global Health

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“…There was similar substantial programme during the Vietnam War as part of the ‘hearts and minds’ campaign ( Wilensky, 2004 ). Similar programmes were established in Iraq ( Michaud III and Maxwell, 2012: 676-680 ) and Afghanistan ( Bricknell and Cameron, 2011: S472-S476 ; Bricknell and Grigson, 2011: S468-S472 ). This is role now a recognised task for some military health services and is codified under the term military global health engagement covering both ‘military to military’ and ‘civilianmilitary’ activities ( Moten, et al, 2018: 14-17 ).…”

Section: Medical Contribution To Security and Stabilisationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Observations from the Korean War for Modern Military Medicine

Bricknell

2023

Korean J Med Hist

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This paper reviews developments in military medicine during the Korean War and places them in the evolution of military medical lessons from the Second World War and the subsequent development of military medicine through the Vietnam War to the present day. The analysis is structured according to the ‘10 Instruments of Military Healthcare.’ Whilst there were incremental developments in military medicine in all these areas, several innovations are specifically attributed to the Korean War. The introduction of helicopters to the battlefield led to the establishment of dedicated medical evacuation helicopters crewed with medical personnel and the evolution into the DUSTOFF system during the Vietnam War. Helicopter evacuation was the primary medical evacuation system in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The establishment of the Mobile Army Surgical Hospital during the Korean War were founded upon the US Auxiliary Surgical Groups or the UK Casualty Clearing Stations of World War II. The requirement for resuscitation and surgical teams close to the battlefield has endured through the development of mobile hospitals of varying sizes from Field Surgical Teams to the current ‘modular’ Hospital Centre and other international equivalents. There were many innovations in the clinical care of battle casualties covering wound shock, surgical techniques, preventive medicine, and acute psychiatric care that refreshed or advanced knowledge from the Second World War. These were enabled through the establishment of medical research programs that were managed within the theatre of operations. Further advances in all these clinical topics can be observed through the Vietnam War to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan – all of which were underpinned by institutional directed research programs. Finally, collaboration between international military medical services and the development of Korean military medical services is a major theme of this review. This ‘military-tomilitary’ and ‘civil-military’ medical engagement was also a major activity during the Vietnam War and more recently in Iraq and Afghanistan. Overall, the topics and themes in military medicine that were important during the Korean War can be considered to be part of trajectory of innovation in military medicine have been replicated in many subsequent wars. The paper also highlights some ‘lessons’ from World War II that had to be relearned in the Korean War, and some observations from the Korean War that had to be relearned in subsequent wars.

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“…This more expansive view of military strategy -that it involves more than the preparation and execution of combat operations -is reflected in the work of the highly influential David Kilcullen, an Australian infantryman seconded to the US State Department as Chief Strategist for counterterrorism. 88 As Michaud and Maxwell comment, it was 'hard to imagine stability operations not including a public health element', 89 and in 2010, 'medical stability operations' were formally identified by the DoD, whereby military assets would be used to maintain health system capacity as part of stabilisation operations. .…”

Section: Health Interventions For Strategic Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…87 From 2005, a succession of DoD instructions and manuals saw stabilisation emerge as a key mission for the US military. 88 As Michaud and Maxwell comment, it was 'hard to imagine stability operations not including a public health element', 89 and in 2010, 'medical stability operations' were formally identified by the DoD, whereby military assets would be used to maintain health system capacity as part of stabilisation operations. 90 At the same time, ideas on how to use health to promote stability began to be developed.…”

Section: Health Interventions For Strategic Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health for health's sake, winning for God's sake: US Global Health Diplomacy and smart power in Iraq and Afghanistan

McInnes¹,

Rushton

2014

Rev. Int. Stud.

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Ideas of smart power and Global Health Diplomacy have developed considerable prominence over the past decade in, respectively, the foreign policy and public health communities. Although in some respects separate, both suggest the potential for using health assistance to generate political as well as health benefits. The conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan provide an opportunity to examine these assertions at the 'sharp end'. We consider both the health and wider strategic benefits of health assistance in these conflicts, as well as some of the ethical challenges involved. We conclude however that we should adopt the precautionary principle because: there is doubt over the quality of health services provided in such circumstances; concern over the wider effects of politicising health aid; and little proof that the claimed strategic benefits materialise in practice.

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Medical Capacity Building Efforts in Northern Iraq 2009–2010

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Health Care Workers in the setting of the “Arab Spring”: a scoping review for the Lancet-AUB Commission on Syria

Health Care Workers in the setting of the “Arab Spring”: a scoping review for the Lancet-AUB Commission on Syria

Observations from the Korean War for Modern Military Medicine

Health for health's sake, winning for God's sake: US Global Health Diplomacy and smart power in Iraq and Afghanistan

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