Medical Applications of Xylitol: An Appraisal

Silva, Annelisa Farah da; Ferreira, Aline Siqueira; Silva, Sílvio Silvério da; Raposo, Nádia Rezende Barbosa

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31887-0_15

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Xylitol is a five-carbon natural sugar alcohol, which is not fermentable by most oral bacteria; therefore, no acid is produced [23]. It has been suggested that xylitol may enhance remineralization and help arrest dentinal caries [3]. Xylitol and fluoride have a preventive role against caries and erosion [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This compound is more acid-resistant than hydroxyapatite [2]. Recent laboratory studies have shown that calcium-containing compounds and products contain hydroxyapatite and xylitol and are able to prevent dental erosion [3,4]. Remin Pro comprises three compounds including hydroxyapatite, 1450 ppm (parts-per-million) of fluoride, and xylitol which prevent enamel demineralization and promote remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Preventive Effect of Remin Pro and Neutral Sodium Fluoride on Erosion of Dental Enamel: An In Vitro Study

Emamieh

Khosravi²,

Najafi

2018

J Islam Dent Assoc Iran

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Background and Aim: Carbonated diet soda is the most common etiologic factor for dental erosion, and fluoride products have been proposed as an option for the prevention of that problem. This study evaluated the effect of Remin Pro and neutral sodium fluoride on the prevention of dental enamel erosion using profilometry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using an experimental-laboratory method on 20 extracted premolars with no corrosion, abrasion, crack or hypocalcification. For a proper evaluation, the buccal aspect of each specimen was polished using 800-to 1200-and 2500-grit silicon carbide papers. Enamel was analyzed by surface profilometry. Samples were randomly allocated into two groups of Remin Pro and neutral sodium fluoride for pretreatment. After pretreatment, the surface roughness of enamel was measured. In the third stage, the samples were exposed to cola, rinsed with deionized water, and stored in artificial saliva, and surface loss and roughness were measured. Independent samples t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data. Results: According to the results of this study, neutral sodium fluoride foam and Remin Pro reduced enamel erosion. The mean surface roughness after pretreatments with Remin Pro and neutral sodium fluoride foam was less than that after polishing (P=0.004) and exposure to acid (P=0.026). Conclusion: Neutral sodium fluoride foam and Remin Pro have the same effect on preventing dental erosion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preventive Effect of Remin Pro and Neutral Sodium Fluoride on Erosion of Dental Enamel: An In Vitro Study

Emamieh

Khosravi²,

Najafi

2018

J Islam Dent Assoc Iran

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“…DnAR showed 70% sequence similarity with aldose (xylose) reductase from C. tenuis (CtXR) hence the coordinates of CtXR crystal structure (PDB ID: 1K8C) was used as template to create the homology model of DnAR using SWISS MODEL automated mode. It was found that the TIM barrel [(b/a) 8 barrel] fold, residues involving catalysis substrate binding and important residues mediating cosubstrate specicity are conserved in the model (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Molecular Cloning Of D Nepalensis Ar Genementioning

confidence: 99%

“…8). However, in the presence of 2 M salt, T m of DnAR was reduced to [8][9][10] C, which can be attributed to the mild enhancement in thermal unfolding at high salt concentrations (Fig. 9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Therefore, yeast ARs have the potential for the exploitation of lignocellulosic xylose to produce xylitol, a pentose alcohol. 8,9 Xylitol is a multi-benecial natural sugar substitute with potential applications in sugar-free foods and drinks, oral hygiene, pharma and cosmetic products. 10 Currently, xylitol production at industrial scale involves chemical hydrogenation of xylose extracted from lignocellulose under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature with toxic catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A halotolerant aldose reductase from Debaryomyces nepalensis: gene isolation, overexpression and biochemical characterization

2017

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Aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes the conversion of aldoses to their corresponding polyols in yeasts and filamentous fungi. ARs have the potential to be exploited for the enzymatic production of xylitol, thus the identification and characterization of ARs from novel strains have gained interest. In this study, we chose the novel yeast Debaryomyces nepalensis as a source for an AR gene. For the first time, here we isolated the AR gene from D. nepalensis (DnAR) that encodes a protein of 320 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 36.7 kDa using the RACE technique. It was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as a His-tagged fusion protein and purified. The enzyme showed strict NADPH dependence and broad substrate specificity with high catalytic efficiency for arabinose, xylose and 3-nitro benzaldehyde.Remarkably, it was active and stable in the presence of high concentrations of salts (KCl/NaCl), thus exhibiting halotolerance. It showed 75% and 45% activity at 0.5 and 1 M concentration of salts respectively. Enzyme half-lifetime at 1 M KCl and 1 M NaCl was found to be 30 h and 16.5 h respectively. Furthermore, to explore the structural basis of its halotolerance, we built a homology model of DnAR.Surprisingly, we found that the existence of a uniform negative electrostatic potential over the protein surface, which is one of the known mechanisms governing protein halotolerance. Therefore, DnAR could be exploited as a biocatalyst to develop an enzyme based bioprocess for xylitol production from lignocelluloses. Moreover, this is the first report providing the genetic sequence and biochemical characteristics of a halotolerant aldose reductase.

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