Medical Application of Calcium Orthophosphate Bioceramics

Abstract

In the late 1960's, a strong interest was raised in biomedical applications of ceramic materials (named bioceramics a little bit later). Bioceramics was initially used as reasonable alternatives to metals in order to increase their biocompatibility. However, within a short period, it has grown into a diverse class of biomaterials, presently including three essential types: relatively bioinert, bioactive (or surface reactive) and bioresorbable bioceramics. This review is limited to bioceramics prepared from calcium orthophosphates only, which belong to the categories of bioactive and bioresorbable compounds. There have been a number of important advances in this field during the past 30 -40 years. The research was shifted from an initial study on the develop-ment of bioinert bioceramics towards bioactive and bioresorbable bioceramics, and these different types of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics can be tuned through the structural and compositional control. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics has been developed to promote a regeneration of bones. Current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include artificial replacements for hips, knees, teeth, tendons and ligaments, as well as repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial reconstruction, augmenttation and stabilization of the jawbone, spinal fusion and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Potential future applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics are demonstrated in drug delivery systems, effective carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and/or various types of cells for tissue engineering purposes.

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“…pH that is not too far from normal pH of around 7.8 (slightly alkaline conditions) can still be tolerated by the body [19]. pH IBS samples were approaching the body's normal pH (about 6.8 to 7.4) are expected to have no pain effect in the bones when it is applied.…”

A review of protein adsorption on bioceramics

“…During recent decades, a vast number of bioceramics have been developed and applied [13,14], such as calcium phosphate (Ca-P)-based ceramics, titania, alumina, zirconia, bioglass, etc. Among these bioceramics, the Ca-P-based ones, e.g.…”

Classifications, Surface Characterization and Standardization of Nanobiomaterials

“…Also, it is used in replacing subperiosteal teeth [18]. A bioceramics for example, calcium orthophosphate-based is found in a variety of different applications throughout the body, covering all areas of the skeleton as dental implants, percutaneous devices and use in periodontal treatment, healing of bone defects, fracture treatment, total joint replacement, orthopedics, cranio-maxillofacial reconstruction, otolaryngology, ophthalmolo-gy, spinal surgery, and samples of calcium orthophosphate applications [19]. It is of great interest to know whether the inert ceramics such as alumina undergoes significant static or dynamic fatigue to determine the deterioration of ceramics.…”

“… It is metabolized in the body after fulfilling its purpose.  It is easily processable in the final product form with an acceptable shelf life and easily sterilized [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”