Medical Anthropology in Ecological Perspective

McElroy, Ann; Townsend, Patricia K.

doi:10.4324/9780429493478

Cited by 78 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…When the occurrence of EH was plotted on the isotopic life history profiles (Figure ), the approximate age of the visible defect seems to occur when weaning was nearly complete or completed (ArchM41, ArchM69, and ArchM73). The hypoplastic events could be the result of nutritional/physiological stress (Goodman & Rose, ) and/or the compounded stress of the weaning process (McElroy & Townsend, ). These data may also suggest a delay between the onset of the stress event in the isotope profile (increasing δ 15 N values) and the estimated age of the visible defect in the enamel striae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood “stress” and stable isotope life histories in Transylvania

Crowder

Montgomery

Gröcke

et al. 2019

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Aims and Objectives Macroscopic skeletal analysis and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis were employed to examine the relationship between skeletal “stress” lesions and changes in the isotopic life history profiles of six nonadults from the Gepid population buried at the Archiud “Hânsuri” Cemetery (4th–7th centuries AD). Materials and Methods The Gepids were a migratory barbarian population in the Carpathian Mountain basin of Transylvania, Romania. Macroscopic skeletal analysis was conducted on 32 individuals, and of those, six nonadults were selected for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of incrementally sampled dentine. Results Macroscopic skeletal analyses revealed 47% of the analysed population displayed evidence of childhood stress. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ranges were −17.7‰ to −11.8‰ for δ13C and 9.4‰ to 15.1‰ for δ15N. Discussion The overall dietary profile indicates a mixed terrestrial diet (C3/C4) with increased consumption of C4 plants during adolescence. The six nonadults appear to have been breastfed from 1 to 6 months and weaned by 3 years of age. High δ15N values seen in pre‐natal and post‐natal increments may suggest a level of nutritional/physiological stress during gestation and during the transitions from umbilical nutrients, breastmilk, and weaning foods. Although limited by the small sample size, this study supports the link between elevated δ15N values and nutritional stress and the relationship and timing of skeletal lesions with changes in the isotope profiles and was among the first to combine palaeopathological analyses and incremental stable isotope analyses on the Transylvania Gepids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood “stress” and stable isotope life histories in Transylvania

Crowder

Montgomery

Gröcke

et al. 2019

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…At 38-43°C, the body temperature regulation mechanism enters the second-level warning stage: the human body begins to protect itself and enters the resistance stage, the super cial veins dilate, the blood circulation is competent, and perspiration is increased. The body's energy is focused on coping with the external stimulation, thus bringing down the level of psychological distress [29,30]. At 43-46°C, the temperature critically exceeds the effective adjustment range of the physiological warning system, and the individual consumes a large amount of energy in response to the high temperature; the body fails to return to equilibrium and the individual once again perceives this high temperature as a threat and enters the exhaustion stage, thus presenting with a rising phase of distress [31].…”

Section: Relationship Between High Temperature and Distressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Summertime Heat Waves on Emotional Health

Huang

Deng

Yang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: With increases in global urbanization and global warming, there are corresponding increases in urban heat island effects. Heat wave disasters are occurring more frequently, posing direct and indirect mental health hazards to urban residents. The impact of high ambient temperatures on emotional health is a scientific problem that needs clarification. Methods: Data collected through 386 valid emotions questionnaire and temperature data measured on heat wave days were analyzed using GIS, SPSS and MATLAB software to study the influence of heat waves on the negative emotions of middle-aged and older adults (over 40-years-old). Results: The results indicate that the degree of influence of high temperatures on various negative emotions differs significantly, as some emotional responses tend to fluctuate while others steadily worsen. The progression of emotional responses is distressed > irritable > nervous > hostile. With increasing temperatures, phase-based changes in emotional states occur, with different emotional states corresponding to different temperature thresholds; the temperature thresholds for distress, nervousness, and hostility were shown to be 38°C/43°C, 40°C/44°C, 43°C, respectively. Conclusions: Ambient temperatures exceeding 35°C have a significant negative impact on the emotional health of middle-aged and older adults. Irritability and nervousness monotonically increase, while distress and hostility tend to fluctuate. This study contributes to the prevention and management of the harmful effects of heat waves on emotions, providing basic information applicable to the design of layouts for urban green spaces to reduce the effects of urban heat islands.

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“…Estimates of the figure of asymptomatic to symptomatic cholera infections range from 3 to 100 [19]. Also, when infected with cholera, a person’s skin may turn bluish-gray from extreme loss of fluids [20], [21]. Fever is not common with cholera, but patients can be fatigued and lethargic, and might have sunken eyes, dry mouth, cold clammy skin, or wrinkled hands and feet [14].…”

Section: Review On History and Current Situation Of Cholera With Concmentioning

confidence: 99%