“…A hospital is an institution that provides comprehensive health care services, including emergency units, inpatient care, and outpatient care (UU RI No 44, 2009). Human resources in hospitals, which are an important component with the largest number, are nursing staff (Lee et al, 2021). Based on data from WHO in 2020, the majority of health workers are nurses, with an estimated 19.3 million out of a total of 43.5 million health workers in the world (Salahat & Al-Hamdan, 2022).…”