Mediaeval wooden churches in a cold climate—parish churches or museums?

Olstad, Tone M.

doi:10.1179/sic.1994.39.supplement-2.99

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Unfortunately, very few studies are currently available in international peer-reviewed literature to correlate the effect of microclimate variations to the occurrence of decay on distemper paints. The very few existing data on indoor microclimatic conditions of wooden Medieval churches seem to differ [27,28]. One possible answer to the variation in the indoor climate is the outdoor climate where the various stave churches are located (see the Supplementary Materials for our analysis of the outdoor climate in Kvernes).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preservation of Distemper Painting: Indoor Monitoring Tools for Risk Assessment and Decision Making in Kvernes Stave Church

Olstad

Ørnhøi

Jernæs

et al. 2020

Climate

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During the Medieval period, over 1000 stave churches were thought to have been constructed in Norway. However, currently, only 28 of these churches remain and only 19 still have distemper wall paintings. The cultural significance of these structures, and more specifically their elaborate distemper wall paintings, has changed over time, as have the means and methods for preserving these monuments. Deeper knowledge of the current state of these structures, along with environmental monitoring and modeling will open the way to a better understanding of preservation. This paper presents a case study for unheated Norwegian wooden churches based on data collected from Kvernes stave church. There are three aims for this paper: (i) to describe the typical indoor conditions similar to the historic climate of stave churches; (ii) determine the common characteristics of distemper paint found within stave churches; (iii) and develop a risk assessment tool to evaluate the climate-induced risk factors in stave churches. The outcome of this work will contribute to research performed within the Sustainable Management of Heritage Buildings in a Long-term Perspective (SyMBoL) project which aims to develop a better understanding of climate induced risks for stave churches, and ultimately to better manage environmental risk.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preservation of Distemper Painting: Indoor Monitoring Tools for Risk Assessment and Decision Making in Kvernes Stave Church

Olstad

Ørnhøi

Jernæs

et al. 2020

Climate

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“…Material and data collection started with the consultation of the available literature related to (1) SCs conservation status (e.g. Olstad, 2016; Anker, 2016; Olstad and Solberg, 1998; Wedvik, 2008, 2009; Solberg et al ., 2007; Olstad and Ørnhøi, 2014; Bakken et al. , 2016; Lehne et al ., 2019), (2) available methodologies suitable in multi-hazard approach; specifically, an IBA built on previous work by Miranda and Ferreira (2019), Ferreira and Santos (2020) (see Section 2.1) was developed and applicated to the SCs' case studies (see Section 2.2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural hazards affecting cultural heritage: assessment of flood and landslide risk for the 28 existing Norwegian stave churches

Bertolin

Sesana

2023

IJBPA

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PurposeThe overall objective of this study is envisaged to provide decision makers with actionable insights and access to multi-risk maps for the most in-danger stave churches (SCs) among the existing 28 churches at high spatial resolution to better understand, reduce and mitigate single- and multi-risk. In addition, the present contribution aims to provide decision makers with some information to face the exacerbation of the risk caused by the expected climate change.Design/methodology/approachMaterial and data collection started with the consultation of the available literature related to: (1) SCs' conservation status, (2) available methodologies suitable in multi-hazard approach and (3) vulnerability leading indicators to consider when dealing with the impact of natural hazards specifically on immovable cultural heritage.FindingsThe paper contributes to a better understanding of place-based vulnerability with local mapping dimension also considering future threats posed by climate change. The results highlight the danger at which the SCs of Røldal, in case of floods, and of Ringebu, Torpo and Øye, in case of landslide, may face and stress the urgency of increasing awareness and preparedness on these potential hazards.Originality/valueThe contribution for the first time aims to homogeneously collect and report all together existing spread information on architectural features, conservation status and geographical attributes for the whole group of SCs by accompanying this information with as much as possible complete 2D sections collection from existing drawings and novel 3D drawn sketches created for this contribution. Then the paper contributes to a better understanding of place-based vulnerability with local mapping dimension also considering future threats posed by climate change. Then it highlights the danger of floods and landslides at which the 28 SCs are subjected. Finally it reports how these risks will change under the ongoing impact of climate change.

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“…The still-existing 28 stave churches are known for their unique wooden construction, but also for elaborate distemper wall paintings found within some of these churches (Olstad 2016). The lack of knowledge about the response of these naturally aged polychrome layers subjected to specific conservation treatments is a major obstacle for developing preservation strategies (Olstad et al 2020;Olstad and Haugen 2007;Olstad 1994;Stein 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscale Physical and Mechanical Analyses of Distemper Paint: A Case Study of Eidsborg Stave Church, Norway

Freeman

Fujisawa

Bridarolli

et al. 2021

Studies in Conservation

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This study focuses on the use of micro-sensitive methodsnanoindentation, dynamic water vapour sorption, and X-ray microtomographyto examine the physical properties of small volumes of artists' materials. The novel methodology proposed in this paper was tested on laboratory-prepared chalk-based ground samples and subsequently applied to distemper paint samples taken from the polychrome walls of Eidsborg stave church. This article discusses key parameters that can be used to inform macro-sized mock-ups mimicking physical and mechanical behaviour of artistic materials, and highlights limitations of such an approach for highly heterogeneous paint systems. Dynamic water vapour sorption measurements allowed determination of the pigment volume concentration (PVC) of distemper paint from Eidsborg stave church as 95%. To the authors' knowledge, this represents the first assessment of PVC for historic distemper paint using a non-destructive experimental technique, which can be extended to other hygroscopic samples of known composition.

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Mediaeval wooden churches in a cold climate—parish churches or museums?

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Preservation of Distemper Painting: Indoor Monitoring Tools for Risk Assessment and Decision Making in Kvernes Stave Church

Preservation of Distemper Painting: Indoor Monitoring Tools for Risk Assessment and Decision Making in Kvernes Stave Church

Natural hazards affecting cultural heritage: assessment of flood and landslide risk for the 28 existing Norwegian stave churches

Microscale Physical and Mechanical Analyses of Distemper Paint: A Case Study of Eidsborg Stave Church, Norway

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