“…In South Africa, robotics and coding are imported concepts, as such, majority of text for these critical skills comes in English which however poses a challenge on the speakers of other official languages in South Africa. Almost all the official languages, except English and Afrikaans, have been approved just for ceremonial purposes as they are still marginalised in the government, the education sector, the private sector, and the economic sector (Beukes 2014;Nwammuo & Salawa 2018;Madadzhe 2019). English still has a powerful position within the linguistic habitus and linguistic hierarchies (Seti, Bornman & Alvarez-Mosquer 2015), particularly in the domain of science and technology amongst the twelve (12) official languages of South Africa, with a rich terminology.…”