Media Content and Externalizing Behaviors in Latino Toddlers

Tomopoulos, Suzy; Dreyer, Benard P.; Valdez, Purnima; Flynn, Virginia; Foley, Gilbert M.; Berkule, Samantha B.; Mendelsohn, Alan L.

doi:10.1016/j.ambp.2007.02.004

Cited by 68 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Sixty-two percent (n = 18) of studies were cross-sectional [3,10,13,15,17,29-31,33,34],[36,37,39-41,45-47], 17% (n = 5) were longitudinal [23,32,42-44], 17% (n = 5) included both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses [4,12,14,35,38], and 3% (n = 1) were randomized controlled trials [8]. The majority of studies (83%, n = 24), relied on parental report via interview or survey as a measure of screen media use [3,4,10,12-15,17,29,30,32-34],[36,38-47], while 17% (n = 5) [8,23,31,35,37] of studies utilized verbal or written time use diaries to assess total screen time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a = background television; b = for children 12–23 months of English-speaking Latino mothers only, c = for children 24–35 months of Spanish-speaking, Latino mothers only, d = association only for 2 or more siblings; e = for infants 0–11 months, f = at 33 months only; g = at 21 months only; h = weekends only.(+) = positive association.(−) = negative association.NA = studies consistently report no association.U = Unclear association (fewer than 60% of studies support any association or non-association).(S) = Strong consistency (70-100% of studies support the reported association or non-association).(M) = Moderate consistency (60-70% of studies support the reported association or non-association).* = 4 or more studies support the given association/non-association.IN = inconclusive (variable not studied on 3 or more occasions).(Dennison et al, [3]), (Certain & Khan, [4]), (Mendolsohn et al, [8]), (Thompson & Christakis, [10]),(Tomopoulos et al, [11]), (Tomopoulos et al, [12]), (Vandewater et al, [13]), (Zimmerman & Christakis, [14]), (Zimmerman et al, [15]), (Thompson et al, [17]), (Linebarger, & Walker, [23]), (Anand & Krosnick, 2005[29]), (Bank et al, [30]), (Barr, et al, [31]), (Cheng, et al, [32]), (Dalzell, et al, [33]), (Horodynski et al, [34]), (Huston, et al, [35]), (Kourlaba et al, [36]), (LaPierre et al, [37]), (Lumeng et al, [38]), (Masur & Flynn, [40]), (McLearn et al, [41]), (Ruangdaraganon et al, [42]), (Schmit et al, [43]), (Thompson et al, [44]), (Thompson & Christakis, [45]), (Vandewater et al, [46]), (Flores et al, [47]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates

Duch¹,

Fisher²,

Ensari

et al. 2013

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

299

255

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BackgroundA large percentage (68%) of children under age 3 use screen media, such as television, DVDs and video games, on a daily basis. Research suggests that increased screen time in young children is linked to negative health outcomes, including increased BMI, decreased cognitive and language development and reduced academic success. Reviews on correlates of screen time for young children have included preschool age children and children up to age 7; however, none have focused specifically on correlates among infants and toddlers. As research suggests that screen media use increases with age, examining correlates of early media exposure is essential to reducing exposure later in life. Thus, this paper systemically reviews literature published between January 1999 and January 2013 on correlates of screen time among children between 0 and 36 months of age.MethodsTwo methods were used to conduct this review: (1) Computerized searches of databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, Medline); and (2) Reference sections of existing reviews and primary studies. Inclusion criteria were: (1) The article included separate data for children 36 months and younger, (2) English language, (3) peer reviewed article, (4) analysis reported for screen viewing as a dependent variable, (5) original research article and, (6) examined correlates or associations between screen time and other demographic, contextual or behavioral variables. Articles were compiled between 2011 and 2013 and evaluation occurred in 2012 and 2013.ResultsThe literature search identified 29 studies that met inclusion criteria. These studies investigated a total of 33 potential correlates, which were examined in this review. Findings suggest demographic variables most commonly correlated with high screen time among infants and toddlers are child’s age (older) and race/ethnicity (minority). Child BMI, maternal distress/depression, television viewing time of the mother and cognitive stimulation in the home environment were also associated with screen media use. Studies reported that child sex, first born status, paternal education, non-English speaking family, two-parent household, number of children in the home and non-parental childcare were not associated with screen time among children aged 0–36 months. Associations were unclear (fewer than 60% of studies report an association) for maternal age, maternal education and household income. The remaining correlates were investigated in fewer than three studies and thus not coded for an association.ConclusionsThe correlates identified in this study point to avenues for intervention to reduce screen time use in young children. However, further research is necessary to explore a number of environmental, socio-cultural and behavioral correlates that are under-examined in this population and may further inform prevention and intervention strategies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates

Duch¹,

Fisher²,

Ensari

et al. 2013

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

299

255

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…15,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Yet, our findings focus on just one aspect of viewing-the amount. To combat childhood obesity, interventions must focus on the amount of viewing as well as the context of viewing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Television Viewing in Low-Income Latino Children: Variation by Ethnic Subgroup and English Proficiency

2013

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Background: Television viewing is associated with an increased risk for obesity in children. Latino children are at high risk for obesity and yet little is known about differences in television viewing habits within this population. The purpose of this study is to determine if hours of television viewed by young children with low-income Latina mothers differs by maternal ethnic subgroup and English language proficiency.Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Welfare, Children, & Families: A Three City Study. Participants were 422 low-income Latina mothers of Mexican and Puerto Rican descent with children ages 0-4 years old. The dependent variable was hours of daily television viewed by the child. The independent variable was maternal ethnic subgroup and English language proficiency. Analyses involved the use of multiple negative binomial regression models, which were adjusted for demographic variables.Results: Multivariable regression analyses showed that compared to children with mothers of Mexican descent, children of mothers of Puerto Rican descent watch more daily television (< 2 years old, incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 4.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.68, 10.42; 2-4 years, IRR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.06, 2.26). For children with mothers of Mexican descent, higher maternal English language proficiency was associated with higher amounts of child television viewing (IRR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.04, 1.61). No relationship was found for children of Puerto Rican descent.Conclusions: Child television viewing varies in low-income Latino children by maternal ethnic subgroup and English language proficiency. Interventionists must consider the varying sociocultural contexts of Latino children and their influence on television viewing.

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“…However, in early childhood the behaviour may be less stable and more malleable, thus early intervention may be most beneficial [19]. For young children, watching TV is the screen behaviour that contributes the most to daily screen time [20, 21]. Ascertaining determinants of TV-time in young children will help to identify at risk groups for intervention and inform the design of behaviour change interventions to reduce TV-time during early childhood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, trajectories, and determinants of television viewing time in an ethnically diverse sample of young children from the UK

Barber

Kelly

Collings

et al. 2017

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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BackgroundExcessive screen viewing in early childhood is associated with poor physical and psycho-social health and poor cognitive development. This study aimed to understand the prevalence, trajectory and determinants of television viewing time in early childhood to inform intervention development.MethodsIn this prospective longitudinal study, mothers of 1558 children (589 white British, 757 Pakistani heritage, 212 other ethnicities) completed questionnaires when their children were approximately 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months old. Mothers answered questions about their own and their child’s TV-time. TV-time trajectories were estimated by linear longitudinal multilevel modeling, potential determinants were considered in models.ResultsThe modelled trajectory estimated that 75% of children aged 12 months exceeded guidelines of zero screen-time. At 12 months of age an accelerated increase in TV-time was observed (<1 h/day at 14 months, >2 h/day by 30 months old). For every hour of mothers’ TV-time and every hour the TV was on in the home, children’s TV-time was 8 min and 1 min higher respectively at 6 months old (P < 0.05), and 15 min and 3 min higher respectively at 36 months old (P < 0.05). Children whose mothers did not agree that it was important their child did not watch too much TV, had 17 min more TV-time than their counterparts (P < 0.05). Children of first time mothers had 6 min more TV-time (P < 0.05). At 12 months of age, children of mothers experiencing stress watched 8 min more TV (P < 0.05). By 36 months, children of Pakistani heritage mothers had 22 min more TV-time than those of white British mothers (P < 0.05), and an additional 35 min of TV-time if their mother was not born in the UK (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHigh levels of TV-time were prevalent. Intervention developers should consider targeting interventions before 12 months of age. Modifiable determinants included mothers’ own TV-time, the time the television is on in the home and mothers’ attitude towards child TV-time. These behaviours may be key components to address in interventions for parents. Mothers experiencing stress, first time mothers, and Pakistani heritage mothers (particularly those born outside of the UK), may be priority groups for intervention.

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Media Content and Externalizing Behaviors in Latino Toddlers

Cited by 68 publications

References 30 publications

Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates

Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates

Television Viewing in Low-Income Latino Children: Variation by Ethnic Subgroup and English Proficiency

Prevalence, trajectories, and determinants of television viewing time in an ethnically diverse sample of young children from the UK

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