“…It also refers to individuals' ability to think critically and make balanced judgments about any information they find and use (Charted Institute of Library and Information Professionals, 2018). Furthermore, IL enables people to undertake information-related tasks, make the best information use, interpret judiciously, and adopt appropriate information behavior in making informed, wise, and ethical decisions (Chapman and Oermann, 2020; Inayatillah, 2018; Suorsa et al ., 2021). Such skills are a desideratum of the 21st century (Reddy et al ., 2022, 2023) and are essential for various professional domains in the workplace for solving problems, having a sustainable competitive advantage, making effective decision-making, and organizational (Ahmad et al ., 2020; Karim and Hussein, 2008; Klusek and Bornstein, 2006; Naveed, 2022; Naveed and Kamran, 2022).…”