Meconium microbiome as a new source of information about long-term health and disease: questions and answers

Wilczyńska, Paulina; Skarżyńska, Ewa; Lisowska-Myjak, Barbara

doi:10.1080/14767058.2017.1387888

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Since meconium is a biological material formed during the gestation, it has been considered a very useful source of information that reflects the in utero microbial environment. 16 The findings presented in this brief report indicate that almost all meconium samples were colonized; thus it can be assumed that neonates' meconium may have bacterial DNA prior to birth. It has been reported that mothers can be responsible for the transference of (some) these microbes to the fetus, as well as their metabolites and other molecules that shape the offspring's innate immune system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Extremely preterm neonates have more Lactobacillus in meconium than very preterm neonates – the in utero microbial colonization hypothesis

et al. 2020

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Growing evidence suggests that maternal microbiota can influence the neonates' gut colonization. However, the mechanisms of vertical bacterial transmission remain poorly defined. We believed that the first colonizers of the newborn come from the mother's gut and vagina during pregnancy and that this is independent of the mode of delivery. We conducted an observational longitudinal study to evaluate the link between the maternal gut microbiota and the meconium's microbiota in extremely and very preterm neonates. Bacterial DNA was extracted from samples and specific bacterial groups were quantified by RT-PCR. In this cohort of 117 preterm neonates, we detected bacterial DNA in 88% of meconium samples. Meconium microbiota of neonates born after 28 gestational weeks (very preterm neonates) showed stronger correlations with their mothers' fecal microbiota. However, neonates born before 28 gestational weeks (extremely preterm neonates) had more Lactobacillusgenus that dominated the vaginal microbiota-than very preterm neonates, regardless of the mode of delivery. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that maternal bacteria from the gut and vagina can play a role in shaping neonates' gut microbiota and that mother-to-infant bacterial transmission is a controlled and time-specific process. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03663556 ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Extremely preterm neonates have more Lactobacillus in meconium than very preterm neonates – the in utero microbial colonization hypothesis

et al. 2020

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“…Other researchers have reported similar results, associating CS with the risk of overweight in children [65,66]. These results could indicate the relevance of priority events in infant health, including those altering microbial colonization, , thereby supporting the early programming hypothesis [67,68]. Researchers have described how antibiotic therapy during early life modulates weight gain in different ways depending on the antibiotic dose in both animal [69] and human epidemiological studies [66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Perinatal Environment Shapes Microbiota Colonization And Infant Growth: Impact On Host Response And Intestinal Function

Collado

Selma‐Royo

Calatayud

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background: Early microbial colonization triggers processes that result in intestinal maturation and immune priming. Perinatal factors, especially those associated with birth, including both mode and place of delivery are critical to shaping the infant gut microbiota with potential health consequences. Methods: Gut microbiota profile of 180 healthy infants (n=23 born at home and n=157 born in hospital, 41.7% via caesarean section [CS]) was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at birth, seven days and one month of life. Breastfeeding habits, infant clinical data, including length, weight and antibiotic exposure, were collected up to 18 months of life. Long-term personalized in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium and innate immune system were used to assess the link between gut microbiota composition, intestinal function and immune response. Results: Microbiota profiles were shaped by the place and mode of delivery, and they had a distinct biological impact on the immune response and intestinal function in epithelial/immune cell models. Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium genus were decreased in C-section infants, who showed higher z-scores BMI and W/L during the first 18 months of life. Intestinal simulated epithelium had a stronger epithelial barrier function and intestinal maturation, alongside a higher immunological response (TLR4 route activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release), when exposed to home-birth fecal supernatants, compared with CS. Distinct host response could be associated with different microbiota profiles. Conclusions: Mode and place of birth influence the neonatal gut microbiota, likely shaping its interplay with the host through the maturation of the intestinal epithelium, regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier and control of the innate immune system during early life, which can affect the phenotypic responses linked to metabolic processes in infants.

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“…It is possible that minor proteases of microbial origin can participate in degrading the 33-mer. Previous studies have shown that a specific microbiota is present in human meconium [ 13 ]. Moreover, it has been described that maternal commensal microbiota presented to the fetus during the last trimester of pregnancy contribute to the establishment of oral tolerance [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Digestive Tract Is Capable of Degrading Gluten from Birth

Fernández-Pérez

Pérez-Andrés

Gutiérrez

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The human gastrointestinal system has the capacity to metabolize dietary gluten. The capacity to degrade gliadin-derived peptide is present in humans from birth and increases during the first stages of life (up to 6–12 months of age). Fecal samples from 151 new-born and adult non-celiac disease (NCD) volunteers were collected, and glutenase and glianidase activities were evaluated. The capacity of total fecal proteins to metabolize 33-mer, 19-mer, and 13-mer gliadin peptides was also evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Feces from new-borns (meconium) showed glutenase and gliadinase activities, and peptidase activity against all three gliadin peptides. Maximal gluten degradative activity was observed in fecal samples from the youngest volunteers (0–12 months old). After the age of nine months, the gluten digestive capacity of gastrointestinal tract decreases and, from ±8 years old, individuals lose the ability to completely degrade toxic peptides. The gastrointestinal proteases involved in gluten digestion: elastase 2A, elastase 3B, and carboxipeptidase A1 are present from earlier stages of life. The human digestive tract contains the proteins capable of metabolizing gluten from birth, even before starting gluten intake. Humans are born with the ability to digest gluten and to completely degrade the potentially toxic gliadin-derived peptides (33-, 19-, and 13-mer).

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Meconium microbiome as a new source of information about long-term health and disease: questions and answers

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Extremely preterm neonates have more Lactobacillus in meconium than very preterm neonates – the in utero microbial colonization hypothesis

Extremely preterm neonates have more Lactobacillus in meconium than very preterm neonates – the in utero microbial colonization hypothesis

Perinatal Environment Shapes Microbiota Colonization And Infant Growth: Impact On Host Response And Intestinal Function

The Human Digestive Tract Is Capable of Degrading Gluten from Birth

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