Mechanochemistry for Synthesis

Abstract

Mechanochemical solvent‐free reactions by milling, grinding or other types of mechanical action have emerged as a viable alternative to solution chemistry. Mechanochemistry offers not only a possibility to eliminate the need for bulk solvent use, and reduce the generation of waste, but it also unlocks the door to a different reaction environment in which synthetic strategies, reactions and molecules previously not accessible in solution, can be achieved. This Minireview examines the potential of mechanochemistry in chemical and materials synthesis, by providing a cross‐section of the recent developments in using ball milling for the formation of molecules and materials based on covalent and coordination bonds.

Porous Molecular Capsules as Non‐Polymeric Transducers of Mechanical Forces to Mechanophores

“…X-ray analysis of 1 unambiguously provest hat the capsulei sfully covalently bridged (Figure 1a). Complexes 1'C 60 and 1'C 70 show considerable complexation-induceds hifts in the 1 Ha nd 13 CNMR spectra and the presence of fullerene signals in 13 CNMR spectra (Figures S5, 6,9,10 in the Supporting Information). Such structural fragmentsdisulfideb onds formed between antiparallel protein strands that are hydrogen bonded-are knownt os tabilize the structure of b-sheets.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] In the last few decades, the number of applications has rapidly grown and now covers many fieldsi ncluding organic, [5][6][7][8][9][10] inorganic, [11] and chemoenzymatic [12] synthesis, supramolecular chemistry, [13,14] pharmacy, [15] andm aterials chemistry. [1][2][3][4] In the last few decades, the number of applications has rapidly grown and now covers many fieldsi ncluding organic, [5][6][7][8][9][10] inorganic, [11] and chemoenzymatic [12] synthesis, supramolecular chemistry, [13,14] pharmacy, [15] andm aterials chemistry.…”

Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazole Tethered 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles: Promising Corrosion Inhibitors for Steel in Acidic Medium and Their Anti‐Microbial Evaluation

“…Even though CuAAC reactions are proficiently performed in conventional solution phase, there is an increasing demand for non‐conventional approaches such as mechanochemistry (ball milling), microwave and ultrasound irradiation in terms of economical (feedstock) and environmental (energy consumption) response . Particularly ball milling, is known as mechanical force‐induced chemical transformations, has been rapidly progressing in various fields such as organic synthesis, inorganic and supramolecular materials . It is pertinent to note that this method has been successfully implemented in copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition for the synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles …”

Mechanoenzymatic Transformations in the Absence of Bulk Water: A More Natural Way of Using Enzymes

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14] One example is mechanochemistry ( Figure 1), now an established, powerful tool to conduct solvent-free reactions, often reaching higher yields and/orf aster rates than equivalent transformations in solution. [15][16][17] In addition, mechanochemicalt reatment, in the form of grinding, milling, extrusion, or acoustic mixing, has been shown to alter the selectivity of reactions and generate products unachievable by solution-based approaches. [18,19] Its impact on the chemical industry merited mechanochemistry ap lace on the IUPAC list of ten chemical innovations that will change the world.…”

“…[27] Although the mechanism of action of the liquid in LAG is not fully elucidated, it is now known that ar ange of liquid properties, including polarity, [32] basicity [33] and even amount, [34] can play as ignificantb ut still unpredictable role in controlling the outcomeo famechanochemical process. The effectiveness of LAG has been demonstrated for organic and inorganic synthesis, [17,35] screening of polymorphism andc ocrystals, [36,37] construction of metal-organic materials [26] and supramolecular complexes. [38] Fundamental principles and applications of LAG and related methodologies (e.g.,i on-and liquid-assisted grinding or ILAG, [39] ionic liquid-assisted grinding or IL-AG, [40] polymer-assisted grinding or POLAG [41] )h ave been summarized in recent reviews.…”