Mechano-chemical conversion of celestite in highly concentrated sodium carbonate media

Sezer, Raşit; Arslan, Cüneyt

doi:10.5277/ppmp18134

Cited by 2 publications

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“…For the sulfate scales shown in Figure , the orange and green curves show the measured XRD peaks for barite and celestite, respectively. Herein, all the peaks observed in the orange curve were attributed to the barite sample in agreement with previous reports. , Similarly, the results for celestite (shown in green) are supported by previous literature reports. , With regard to sulfide scales, XRD confirmed that the sample used herein is pure PbS. All the peaks, shown in purple at 2 theta of 26, 30, 43.5, 51, 63, 69, and 71° are for PbS. − Pyrite sample results are given elsewhere, whereas the four peaks at 30, 34.5, 44, and 53.5° (in red color) are for pyrrhotite. − Finally, carbonate scales are studied using the CaCO 3 sample with the XRD peaks illustrated in black and are in agreement with the published literature. , All samples were pure minerals as confirmed by the XRD results.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

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Dissolution Kinetics of Different Inorganic Oilfield Scales in Green Formulations

et al. 2020

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Scale mineral deposition is a critical problem that hinders the daily production of oil and gas fields. Chemical removal of these scales, based on the scale type, is common. In this paper, borax and diethylene tremaine penta acetic (DTPA) acid-based formulations are used for the removal of sulfides, carbonates, and sulfate scales. In particular, the dissolution rates of sulfide (pyrite, pyrrhotite, and galena), sulfate (celestite and barite), and carbonate (calcite) scales were investigated in a rotating disc apparatus at typical well conditions. Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction analyses were performed for characterizing scale composition and type. The effect of temperature, scale type, and formulation on the dissolution rate is studied. Even though borax formulation has been developed for the sulfide scale removal, it showed a high dissolution rate for the carbonate scale (7.23 × 10–7 mol·L–1·s–1·cm–2). For the sulfide scale, the highest dissolution in borax formulation was obtained with galena (lead sulfide, PbS), followed by pyrrhotite, and the lowest dissolution was reported for pyrite (1.55 × 10–8 mol·L–1·s–1·cm–2). Borax formulation was found to be inefficient in the removal of sulfate scales with a dissolution rate lower than carbonate and sulfide scales by 3 and 2 orders of magnitude, respectively. Similarly, DTPA-based formulation has yielded the highest dissolution for the carbonate scale (7.98 × 10–6 mol·L–1·s–1·cm–2). However, for sulfate, DTPA-based formulation showed better performance than borax. The increase in temperature leads to an increase in the dissolution rate for almost all types of scales; however, DTPA-based formulation showed improved performance with temperature. Both formulations are efficient in removing sulfate- and sulfide-rich scales. The experimental results of DTPA have been validated by density functional theory calculations of binding energies between DTPA and metal ions present in the mixed scale.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…15,16 Similarly, the results for celestite (shown in green) are supported by previous literature reports. 17,18 With regard to sulfide scales, XRD confirmed that the sample used herein is pure PbS. All the peaks, shown in purple at 2 theta of 26, 30, 43.5, 51, 63, 69, and 71°are for PbS.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%