Mechanisms Used by Probiotics to Confer Pathogen Resistance to Teleost Fish

Simón, Rocío; Docando, Félix; Nuñez-Ortiz, Noelia; Tafalla, Carolina; Díaz‐Rosales, Patricia

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.653025

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 247 publications

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“…This indicates the potential uses of probiotic bacteria (BSSJ10, BSWB60, and EFSH30) and processed yeast (GRO) as the alternative of antibiotics in juvenile olive flounder. The mechanism can be attributed in terms of enhancing the mucosal and systemic immunity as well as the direct action of the probiotic bacteria or yeast on pathogenic bacteria through the production of inhibitory substances such as lysozymes, proteases, siderophores, hydrogen peroxide, or bacteriocins in the GIT of fish [ 74 ]. The results are in agreement with those that were previously reported in starry flounder, Japanese eel, barramundi, and shrimp [ 17 , 21 , 26 , 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Dietary Probiotic Bacteria and Processed Yeast (GroPro-Aqua) as the Alternative of Antibiotics in Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

et al. 2022

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We investigated the three probiotic bacteria and a processed yeast (GroPro-Aqua) as the replacers of antibiotics in juvenile olive flounder. A total of seven diets were used, that is, one basal or control (CON) diet; and six other diets, of which, three diets were prepared by supplementing probiotic bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis WB60 (BSWB60) at 1 × 108 CFU/g diet, Bacillus subtilis SJ10 (BSSJ10) at 1 × 108 CFU/g diet, and Enterococcus faecium SH30 (EFSH30) at 1 × 107 CFU/g diet; one diet with processed yeast (GRO) at 0.35% diet; and two other diets were supplemented with oxytetracycline (OTC) and amoxicillin (AMO) at 4 g/kg of each. Triplicate groups of fish (average 12.1 g) were fed one of the diets for eight weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the fish that were fed the probiotic bacteria-supplemented diets had a significantly higher final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate compared to the CON, OTC, and AMO diets. Fish that were fed the GRO diet had significantly higher feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios than those of the fish that were fed the CON diet. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glucose, and total protein were not affected by the diets. Lysozyme activity in fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, and EFSH30 diets were significantly higher compared to the CON and OTC diets, whereas myeloperoxidase activity of fish fed the BSWB60 and EFSH30 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON and AMO diets. Flounder growth hormone gene expressions of fish that were fed BSWB60 and GRO diets were significantly higher compared to the CON, OTC, and AMO diets. The interleukin-1β gene expression of fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30, OTC, and GRO diets was significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON diet. The interleukin-10 gene expression of fish that were fed the BSSJ10, EFSH30, and GRO diets was significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON and AMO diets. Posterior intestinal histology of fish showed significantly higher villi length in fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30, and GRO diets compared to the CON diet. After 15 days of challenge test with pathogenic bacteria Edwardsiella tarda, the cumulative survival rate of fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30, and GRO diets were significantly higher than those of fish that were fed the CON diet. Overall, the results indicate that dietary supplementation of B. subtilis (108 CFU/g diet), E. faecium (107 CFU/g diet), and processed yeast (GroPro-Aqua at 0.35% diet) could replace the antibiotics in terms of improving growth, immunity, gut health, and disease resistance in juvenile olive flounder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Dietary Probiotic Bacteria and Processed Yeast (GroPro-Aqua) as the Alternative of Antibiotics in Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

et al. 2022

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“…Host-derived probiotics are more efficient in improving an aquatic species' performance and total immunity devoted to their resistance to unfavourable intestinal conditions (Simón et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of host‐associated probioticBacillus altitudinisB61‐34b on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised under biofloc system

Doan

Lumsangkul

Ruangwong

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Nutrition

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This investigation was performed to assess the influences of the host-associated probiotic Bacillus altitudinis B61-34b (BAA) on growth, immune response and disease resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish (25.50 ± 0.52 g fish −1 ) were distributed into 15 aquaria (150 litres tank −1 ) at density of 20 fish tank −1 . The fish were fed basal diets with BAA inclusions in different concentrations: 0 (BAA1-Control), 10 6 (BAA2), 10 7 (BAA3), 10 8 (BAA4) and 10 9 (BAA5) CFU ml −1 for 8 weeks. A completely randomized design with three replications was used. The results indicated that BAA administration generated greater (p < 0.05) skin mucus and peroxidase activities compared to the control, with maximum levels recorded in BAA4 and BAA5. Higher serum immunities, such as serum lysozyme, serum peroxidase, complement, phagocytosis and respiratory burst activities were observed in the BAA4 and BAA5 dietary groups compared to the control, BAA1, BAA2 and BAA3 diets. The relative percentage of survival, growth performance and FCR were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the BAA4 and BAA5 groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of B. altitudinis at 10 8 CFU ml −1 can improve Nile tilapia's growth performance, skin mucus and serum immunities, and disease resistance.

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“…In contrast to what happens when potentially pathogenic bacteria are used as vaccine vehicles, probiotics do this without provoking a strong immune reaction against them ( 13 ). Nevertheless, the immunomodulatory capacity that some of these probiotics have on the host, widely documented for many probiotic species ( 1 , 39 ), can cooperate during the onset of adaptive immune responses, thereby acting somehow as an intrinsic adjuvant ( 40 , 41 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacillus ssp. have been widely tested as probiotics in fish not only searching to increase survival upon pathogen encounter but also aiming to reduce animal stress, promote animal growth, and improve feed conversion and water quality ( 1 ). Particularly, Bacillus subtilis has been widely tested as a probiotic in aquaculture in the last years due to its advantageous characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus subtilis Expressing the Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus VP2 Protein Retains Its Immunostimulatory Properties and Induces a Specific Antibody Response

et al. 2022

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Bacillus subtilis has been documented in the past years as an effective probiotic for different aquacultured species, with recognized beneficial effects on water quality, fish growth and immune status. Furthermore, its potential as a vaccine adjuvant has also been explored in different species. In the current work, we have used B. subtilis spores as delivery vehicles for the presentation of the VP2 protein from infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). For this, the VP2 gene was amplified and translationally fused to the crust protein CotY. The successful expression of VP2 on the spores was confirmed by Western blot. We then compared the immunostimulatory potential of this VP2-expressing strain (CRS208) to that of the original B. subtilis strain (168) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocytes obtained from spleen, head kidney and the peritoneal cavity. Our results demonstrated that both strains significantly increased the percentage of IgM+ B cells and the number of IgM-secreting cells in all leukocyte cultures. Both strains also induced the transcription of a wide range of immune genes in these cultures, with small differences between them. Importantly, specific anti-IPNV antibodies were detected in fish intraperitoneally or orally vaccinated with the CRS208 strain. Altogether, our results demonstrate B. subtilis spores expressing foreign viral proteins retain their immunomodulatory potential while inducing a significant antibody response, thus constituting a promising vaccination strategy.

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Mechanisms Used by Probiotics to Confer Pathogen Resistance to Teleost Fish

Cited by 55 publications

References 247 publications

Evaluation of Dietary Probiotic Bacteria and Processed Yeast (GroPro-Aqua) as the Alternative of Antibiotics in Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Evaluation of Dietary Probiotic Bacteria and Processed Yeast (GroPro-Aqua) as the Alternative of Antibiotics in Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Effects of host‐associated probioticBacillus altitudinisB61‐34b on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised under biofloc system

Bacillus subtilis Expressing the Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus VP2 Protein Retains Its Immunostimulatory Properties and Induces a Specific Antibody Response

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