Mechanisms Underlying Enhanced Vasodilator Responses to Various Vasodilator Agents Following Endothelium Removal in Rat Mesenteric Resistance Arteries

Iwatani, Yukiko; Numa, Hiromi; Atagi, Saori; Takayama, Fusako; Mio, Mitsunobu; Kawasaki, Hiromu

doi:10.1002/chin.200734266

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Exposure to phenylephrine tests for adrenergic vasoconstriction, while insulin, acetylcholine and SNP test for vasodilatory responses. Insulin and acetylcholine are both endothelium-dependent vasodilators and SNP an endothelium-independent one (1, 17, 55,87,95,129,147,172).…”

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Functional and structural modifications associated with hypertension, obesity and diabetes in the resistance vasculature||Functional and structural modifications associated with hypertension, obesity and diabetes in the resistance vasculature

Castorena-Gonzalez

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Cardiovascular diseases are considered the leading cause of death nowadays. Hypertension, obesity and type-2 diabetes are deemed major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. In essential hypertension, one of the most important structural changes is the inward remodeling of the resistance arteries. I found that the mechanical properties of inwardly remodeled cremasteric-arterioles from rats are affected. Furthermore, it is the F-actin components of the cytoskeleton the ones that are strongly modified. In old spontaneously hypertensive rats, my results showed that, resistance arteries undergo hypertrophic inward remodeling; and, adrenergicvasoconstriction and vasodilation pathways are impaired. In diet-induced-obesity, micemesenteric arterioles were observed to undergo remodeling of the extracellular matrix components. Obesity and type-2 diabetes have been associated with insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening. Jejunal-submucosal arterioles from diabetic obese patients had a reduced vasorelaxation to insulin in comparison to obese non-diabetics, while acetylcholine-vasodilation was similar in both groups. Reduced amounts of the subunit-alpha of the insulin receptor and MMP-9 were found in diabetics as well. This suggests that, in type-2 diabetes, the presence of a blunted insulinvasodilation response is a form of endothelial dysfunction that is not correlated with the body-to-mass index, but whose mechanism may be related with the activity of MMPs.

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Functional and structural modifications associated with hypertension, obesity and diabetes in the resistance vasculature||Functional and structural modifications associated with hypertension, obesity and diabetes in the resistance vasculature

Castorena-Gonzalez

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Natriuretic Peptide Resistance of Mesenteric Arteries in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat Is Alleviated by Exercise

Zhang²,

Xl³

et al. 2016

Physiol Res

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Proximal resistance vessels, such as the mesenteric arteries, contribute substantially to the peripheral resistance. The reactivity of resistance vessels to vasoactive substance like natriuretic peptides plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. In current study, we investigated the reactivity of mesenteric arteries to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a well known vasodilating factor, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as the effects of exercise training on it. As a result, ANP-induced vasorelaxation was attenuated in SHR with significantly increased phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), and decreased cGMP/ANP ratio, compared with WKY rats as control. Intriguingly, the decreased reactivity to ANP in SHR was markedly reversed by exercise training. In addition, ANP resistance of in vitro mesenteric arteries was diminished by sildenafil a potent selective inhibitor of PDE5. In conclusion, ANP resistance occurs in resistance vessels of SHR, suggesting predisposition to hypertension, which can be reversed by exercise.

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Mechanisms Underlying Enhanced Vasodilator Responses to Various Vasodilator Agents Following Endothelium Removal in Rat Mesenteric Resistance Arteries

Abstract: Arteries -[20 refs.]. -(IWATANI*, Y.; NUMA, H.; ATAGI, S.; TAKAYAMA, F.; MIO, M.; KAWASAKI, H.; Yakugaku Zasshi 127 (2007) 4, 729-733; Dep. Clin. Pharm. Sci., Grad. Sch. Med., Dent. Pharm. Sci., Okayama Univ., Tsushima, Okayama 700, Japan; Japan., Abstr. Eng.) -Lindner 34-266

Cited by 2 publications

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Functional and structural modifications associated with hypertension, obesity and diabetes in the resistance vasculature||Functional and structural modifications associated with hypertension, obesity and diabetes in the resistance vasculature

Functional and structural modifications associated with hypertension, obesity and diabetes in the resistance vasculature||Functional and structural modifications associated with hypertension, obesity and diabetes in the resistance vasculature

Natriuretic Peptide Resistance of Mesenteric Arteries in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat Is Alleviated by Exercise

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