Photochemotherapy has been recognized as a promising
combinational
modality for cancer treatment. However, difficulties such as off-target
drug delivery, systemic toxicity, and the hypoxic nature of the tumor
microenvironment remain hindrances to its application. To overcome
these challenges, cancer cell membrane camouflaged perfluorooctyl
bromide (PFOB) dual-layer nanopolymersomes bearing indocyanine green
(ICG) and camptothecin (CPT), named MICFNS, were developed in this
study, and melanoma was exploited as the model for MICFNS manufacture
and therapeutic application. Our data showed that MICFNS were able
to stabilize both ICG and CPT in the nanocarriers and can be quickly
internalized by B16F10 cells due to melanoma membrane-mediated homology.
Upon NIR irradiation, MICFNS can trigger hyperthermia and offer enhanced
singlet oxygen production due to the incorporation of PFOB. With ≥10/2.5
μM ICG/CPT, MICFNS + NIR can provide comparable in vitro cancericidal effects to those caused by using an 8-fold higher dose
of encapsulated CPT alone. Through the animal study, we further demonstrated
that MICFNS can be quickly brought to tumors and have a longer retention
time than those of free agents in vivo. Moreover,
the MICFNS with 40/10 μM ICG/CPT in combination with 30 s NIR
irradiation can successfully inhibit tumor growth without systemic
toxicity in mice within the 14 day treatment. We speculate that such
an antitumoral effect was achieved by phototherapy followed by chemotherapy,
a two-stage tumoricidal process performed by MICFNS. Taken together,
we anticipate that MICFNS, a photochemotherapeutic nanoplatform, has
high potential for use in clinical anticancer treatment.