Mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in <i>Casuarina</i>: a review of recent research

Ribeiro‐Barros, Ana I.; Pawlowski, Katharina; Ramalho, José C.

doi:10.1080/13416979.2022.2036416

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Altogether the over-expression of these antioxidant genes would explain the maintenance of a high photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll content in C. glauca plants under saline stress, in particular in preconditioned plants. The results are supported by the proteomic analysis in C. glauca showing a remarkable pattern of accumulation of proteins involved in photosynthetic metabolism, and oxidative stress response, associated to two interacting networks: metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites; and protein processing and export, carbon metabolism, and peroxisomal metabolism(Graça et al, 2020;Ribeiro-Barros et al, 2022). The overall set of results suggest that under salinity stress conditions, the triggered protective mechanisms might prevent a signi cant impact at the photochemical e ciency and the biochemical performance levels in C. glauca, explaining its high performance in saline soils.…”

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confidence: 60%

“…The species is also an excellent raw material for the paper and pulp industries, being ideal for poles and scaffolding (Zhong et al, 2011). Because this species is very tolerant to high salinity and is considered a halophyte (Ribeiro-Barros et al, 2022), researchers are particularly interested in learning how it responds and adapts to salinity stress. In order to contribute to the understanding of C. glauca salttolerance mechanisms and its potential in rehabilitation programs, our study aimed at evaluating the effects of preconditioning to salinity stress on the physiological and biochemical traits of seedlings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of salt preconditioning on physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of Casuarina glauca seedlings grown under salt stress

Laamari

Marques

Ribeiro‐Barros

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Salinity is one of the most harmful abiotic stresses with negative impacts on crop growth and development. Monitoring land salinization is, therefore, a major global issue. One of the suggested solutions to support rehabilitation programs is the use of fast-growing salt-tolerant woody species, like the tropical trees belonging to the Casuarinaceae family. Although salt preconditioning is a simple and practical method, its role in improving plant tolerance to salinity has still been scarcely applied. Thus, this study investigated the effect of salt preconditioning on different physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms in Casuarina glauca seedlings grown in saline conditions. Preconditioned (PrS) and non-preconditioned (NPrS) seedlings were subjected to salt stress for 12 months. Gas exchange, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, water relations parameters derived from pressure–volume curves, primary and secondary metabolism, and gene expression were assessed at the end of the experiment. Preconditioned plants promoted stronger tolerance to salt stress and improved gas exchange parameters, intrinsic water-use efficiency, and chlorophyll content compared to non-preconditioned plants. Also, membrane integrity was maintained in preconditioned plants but increased significantly in the absence of preconditioning. Salinity had no significant effect on the photochemical efficiency of PSII and resulted in a slight decrease in the initial fluorescence (Fo) in either treatment when compared to control. The results indicate an increase in secondary metabolism as shown by the enhancement of phenolic content as well as an increase in the expression of salt tolerance-related genes (GPX1, SOD1, SHD, APX, and GAPHD). Our findings also showed a considerable accumulation of soluble sugar and proline under salt stress, with a higher accumulation in preconditioned plants, confirming their salt tolerance and performance under saline conditions. Overall, these results indicate that C. glauca is highly suitable to be used on salinity-affected soils and can develop a higher tolerance to salt stress after preconditioning treatments.

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confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of salt preconditioning on physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of Casuarina glauca seedlings grown under salt stress

Laamari

Marques

Ribeiro‐Barros

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…A number of actinorhizal plants have been found to have a high level of salt tolerance. Some Casuarina species are halophytes and can grow in 600 mM NaCl [ 39 , 40 ]. In Casuarina equisetifolia, nodule formation is not affected by NaCl up to a concentration of 150 mM [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Frankia and Hebeloma crustiliniforme on Alnus alnobetula subsp. Crispa Growing in Saline Soil

Chen

Renault

Markham

2022

Plants

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The mining of the oil sands region of Canada’s boreal forest creates disturbed land with elevated levels of salts. Understanding how native plants respond to salt stress is critical in reclaiming these lands. The native species, Alnus alnobetula subsp. crispa forms nitrogen-fixing nodules with Frankia, and ectomycorrhizae with a number of fungal species. These relationships may make the plant particularly well suited for restoring disturbed land. We inoculated A. alnobetula subsp. crispa with Frankia and Hebeloma crustiliniforme and exposed the plants to 0, 50, or 100 mM NaCl for seven weeks. Frankia-inoculated plants had increased biomass regardless of salt exposure, even though salt exposure reduced nitrogen fixation and reduced the efficiency of nitrogen-fixing nodules. The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis also decreased leaf stress and increased root phosphatase levels. This suggests that N-fixing plants not only have increased nitrogen nutrition but also have increased access to soil phosphorus. Mycorrhizae did not affect plant growth but did reduce nodule numbers and nodule efficiency. These results suggest that the nitrogen-fixing trait is more critical than mycorrhizae. While salt stress inhibits nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, plants still benefit from nitrogen fixation when exposed to salt.

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“…Besides the rising seawater levels, prolonged drought events cause secondary soil salinization as a result of an imbalance between water input (irrigation or rainfall) and use (transpiration) [ 6 ]. In this context, the use of saline water and halophytes is an alternative strategy to overcome the projected food and environmental crisis [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides that, salt tolerance is closely related to the maintenance of cellular membranes’ stability and to a robust anti-oxidative response owing to the accumulation of ROS scavenging components [ 24 ], osmolytes, such as neutral sugars, proline, and ornithine [ 25 , 26 ], and flavonoid-based metabolites, i.e., flavonols and proanthocyanidins [ 27 ]. Moreover, depending on the plant and bacterial genotype, the ability of C. glauca to endure high NaCl concentrations might be coupled or not to the presence of symbiotic Frankia [ 7 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Stress Tolerance in Casuarina glauca: Insights from the Branchlets Transcriptome

Fernandes

Paulo

Marques

et al. 2022

Plants

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Climate change and the accelerated rate of population growth are imposing a progressive degradation of natural ecosystems worldwide. In this context, the use of pioneer trees represents a powerful approach to reverse the situation. Among others, N2-fixing actinorhizal trees constitute important elements of plant communities and have been successfully used in land reclamation at a global scale. In this study, we have analyzed the transcriptome of the photosynthetic organs of Casuarina glauca (branchlets) to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress tolerance. For that, C. glauca plants supplied either with chemical nitrogen (KNO3+) or nodulated by Frankia (NOD+) were exposed to a gradient of salt concentrations (200, 400, and 600 mM NaCl) and RNA-Seq was performed. An average of ca. 25 million clean reads was obtained for each group of plants, corresponding to 86,202 unigenes. The patterns of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) clearly separate two groups: (i) control- and 200 mM NaCl-treated plants, and (ii) 400 and 600 mM NaCl-treated plants. Additionally, although the number of total transcripts was relatively high in both plant groups, the percentage of significant DEGs was very low, ranging from 6 (200 mM NaCl/NOD+) to 314 (600 mM NaCl/KNO3+), mostly involving down-regulation. The vast majority of up-regulated genes was related to regulatory processes, reinforcing the hypothesis that some ecotypes of C. glauca have a strong stress-responsive system with an extensive set of constitutive defense mechanisms, complemented by a tight mechanism of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. The results suggest that the robustness of the stress response system in C. glauca is regulated by a limited number of genes that tightly regulate detoxification and protein/enzyme stability, highlighting the complexity of the molecular interactions leading to salinity tolerance in this species.

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Mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in Casuarina: a review of recent research

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

The effects of salt preconditioning on physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of Casuarina glauca seedlings grown under salt stress

The effects of salt preconditioning on physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of Casuarina glauca seedlings grown under salt stress

The Effect of Frankia and Hebeloma crustiliniforme on Alnus alnobetula subsp. Crispa Growing in Saline Soil

Salt Stress Tolerance in Casuarina glauca: Insights from the Branchlets Transcriptome

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