Mechanisms of polarized cell-cell communication of T lymphocytes

Torralba, Daniel; Martín-Cófreces, Noa B.; Sánchez‐Madrid, Francisco

doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.009

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Extensive and recent reviews have been published regarding the contribution of EV and exosomes to several immune responses [23,91,102] and concerning the role of EV in genetic information exchange among immune cells [19,103]. Thus, we will focus on some regulatory functions concerning certain immunologically relevant molecules present on the surface of B and T lymphocyte-derived exosomes, excluding those derived of the exosomal miRNA content, since excellent reviews have already dealt with this important subject [102][103][104][105].…”

Section: Immune Regulation By B and T Lymphocyte-produced Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducible Polarized Secretion of Exosomes in T and B Lymphocytes

Calvo

Izquierdo

2020

IJMS

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EV) of endosomal origin (multivesicular bodies, MVB) constitutively released by many different eukaryotic cells by fusion of MVB to the plasma membrane. However, inducible exosome secretion controlled by cell surface receptors is restricted to very few cell types and a limited number of cell surface receptors. Among these, exosome secretion is induced in T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes when stimulated at the immune synapse (IS) via T-cell receptors (TCR) and B-cell receptors (BCR), respectively. IS formation by T and B lymphocytes constitutes a crucial event involved in antigen-specific, cellular, and humoral immune responses. Upon IS formation by T and B lymphocytes with antigen-presenting cells (APC), the convergence of MVB towards the microtubule organization center (MTOC), and MTOC polarization to the IS, are involved in polarized exosome secretion at the synaptic cleft. This specialized mechanism provides the immune system with a finely-tuned strategy to increase the specificity and efficiency of crucial secretory effector functions of B and T lymphocytes. As inducible exosome secretion by antigen-receptors is a critical and unique feature of the immune system this review considers the study of the traffic events leading to polarized exosome secretion at the IS and some of their biological consequences.

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Section: Immune Regulation By B and T Lymphocyte-produced Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducible Polarized Secretion of Exosomes in T and B Lymphocytes

Calvo

Izquierdo

2020

IJMS

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“…Highly ordered lipid domains contain a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol, as well as highly packed phospholipids. Distribution of phosphatidylinositols such as PI(4,5)P2 and PI (3,4,5)P3 also generates membrane domains that lead to a distinctive interaction of the membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. Actin filaments together with cortical actin proteins such as ankyrin or spectrins as well as transmembrane proteins generate barriers to free diffusion of molecules that act as picket fences, creating confinement of molecules within the compartment.…”

Section: Spatial Regulation Of Signaling During Early T Cell Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the diversity in the molecular interactions between T cells and antigen presenting cells (APC) [2,3], some events are common to all of them. Several reviews have thoroughly discussed the steps that lead to T cell activation from various perspectives [4][5][6][7]. In brief, T cell activation takes place as follows: A migrating T cell screens its surrounding environment through active membrane protrusions, and, upon initial contact with an APC and successful recognition of the antigen presented, the area of contact between both cells increases rapidly (maximizing the area engaged in signaling).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PLC-γ releases diacylglycerol (DAG) that activates the protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ), which triggers later transcription of several factors such as the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the receptor CD69 [17,18]. PI3K, in turn, produces the phosphatidylinositol PI (3,4,5)P3, leading to recruitment of several proteins involved in rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, essential for cell polarization and formation of the IS. [19]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling: Focus on T Cell Activation and the Immunological Synapse

García¹,

Ismail²

2020

IJMS

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In a signaling network, not only the functions of molecules are important but when (temporal) and where (spatial) those functions are exerted and orchestrated is what defines the signaling output. To temporally and spatially modulate signaling events, cells generate specialized functional domains with variable lifetime and size that concentrate signaling molecules, enhancing their transduction potential. The plasma membrane is a key in this regulation, as it constitutes a primary signaling hub that integrates signals within and across the membrane. Here, we examine some of the mechanisms that cells exhibit to spatiotemporally regulate signal transduction, focusing on the early events of T cell activation from triggering of T cell receptor to formation and maturation of the immunological synapse.

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“…Exosomes, which were first identified by Johnstone et al (1987), are small membrane-bound vesicles with a diameter of 30–100 nm. Exosomes are secreted by most cell types, including lymphocytes, platelets, and adipocytes, as well as tumor, muscle, and stem cells (Brisson et al, 2017; Barlow and Solomon, 2018; Meng et al, 2019; Scherer, 2019; Seo et al, 2019; Torralba et al, 2019). Exosomes mediate intercellular signaling and communication by shuttling nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids between cells; knowledge of their functions can provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for many diseases (Fruhbeis et al, 2012; You et al, 2018; Wu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiomyocyte-Derived Exosomes: Biological Functions and Potential Therapeutic Implications

Wang

2019

Front. Physiol.

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Exosomes, which are membrane-enclosed nanovesicles released by almost all cell types, have been recognized to play important roles in mediating cell-cell communication. In recent years, the physiological and pathological effects of exosomes on cardiovascular disease have been extensively studied. Exosomes can transfer proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, and other bioactive molecules to recipient cells to influence their biological properties. In recent years, accumulating evidence has suggested that cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes play an important role in the progression of cardiovascular disease. Here, we summarize the functional roles of cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes in cardiovascular physiology and pathology.

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Mechanisms of polarized cell-cell communication of T lymphocytes

Cited by 18 publications

References 158 publications

Inducible Polarized Secretion of Exosomes in T and B Lymphocytes

Inducible Polarized Secretion of Exosomes in T and B Lymphocytes

Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling: Focus on T Cell Activation and the Immunological Synapse

Cardiomyocyte-Derived Exosomes: Biological Functions and Potential Therapeutic Implications

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