Cardiomyocyte-Derived Exosomes: Biological Functions and Potential Therapeutic Implications

Yu, Hui; Wang, Zhanli

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01049

Cited by 55 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…The "cardiac secretome" includes peptides, proteins and coding, and non-coding RNAs released either as free molecules or as microvesicles and exosomes. The expression profile of secreted peptides and proteins-called cardiokines-changes considerably under pathological conditions (40)(41)(42)(43). Cardiokines produced by the failing heart include primary citokines and chemokines of inflammation (mostly with detrimental effects for cardiomyocytes), and also proteins involved in stress response, regulation of apoptosis, tissue repair, cardiac remodeling, and angiogenesis ( Figure 1B).…”

Section: A Cardiac Secretome With Carcinogenic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Cancer in Patients With Heart Failure: How Systemic Inflammation Can Lay the Groundwork

Ausoni

Azzarello

2020

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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In the last decade, cardiologists and oncologists have provided clinical and experimental evidence that cancer, and not only chemotherapeutic agents, can cause detrimental effects on heart structure and function, a consequence that has serious clinical implications for patient management. In parallel, the intriguing idea that heart failure (HF) may be an oncogenic condition has also received growing attention. A number of epidemiological and clinical studies have reported that patients with HF have a higher risk of developing cancer. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation has been proposed as a major pathophysiological process linking the failing heart to the multi-step process of carcinogenesis. According to this view, pro-inflammatory mediators secreted by the damaged heart generate a favorable milieu that promotes tumor development and accelerates malignant transformation. HF-associated inflammation synergizes with tumor-associated inflammation, so that over time it is no longer possible to distinguish the effects of one or the other. Experimental studies have just begun to search for the molecular effectors of this process, with the ultimate goal that of identifying mechanisms suitable for anti-cancer target therapy to reduce the risk of incident cancer in patients already affected by HF. In this review we critically discuss strengths and limitations of clinical and experimental studies that support a causal relationship between HF and cancer, and focus on HF-associated inflammation, cardiokines and their endocrine functions linking one and the other disease.

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Section: A Cardiac Secretome With Carcinogenic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Cancer in Patients With Heart Failure: How Systemic Inflammation Can Lay the Groundwork

Ausoni

Azzarello

2020

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…Furthermore, exosomes derived from cardiomyocytes were found to carry functional GLUT (GLUT4 and GLUT1) and glycolytic enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase) and were shown to have specialized functions in glucose transport and metabolism in endothelial cells [26]. Many studies have demonstrated that exosomes derived from cardiomyocytes can also carry DNA/RNA [19]. Exosomes secreted by cells derived from cardiomyocytes can improve myocardial function, inhibit cell apoptosis, and promote the proliferation of cardiomyocytes when expressed in a mouse myocardial infarction model, which may be related to the enhancement of the expression of vascular gene SIS [27].…”

Section: Exosomes Derived From Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When injected into the heart of chronic myocardial perfusion model rats, activated fibroblasts were found to significantly promote angiogenesis and cardiac protection [34]. Recent evidence established that exosomes secreted from cardiomyocytes can deliver a wide variety of biomolecules into other types of cells and regulate gene expression in these cells [19].…”

Section: Exosomes Derived From Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Exosomes Derived from Different Cell Sources and Cardiovascular Diseases

Liang

Zhao

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Exosomes can reach distant tissues through blood circulation to communicate directly with target cells and rapidly regulate intracellular signals. Exosomes play an important role in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Different exosomes derived from different sources, and their cargos have different mechanisms of action. In addition to being biomarkers, exosomes also have a certain significance in the diagnosis, treatment, and even prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we provide a review of the up-to-date applications of exosomes, derived from various sources, in the prognosis and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.

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“…All of these cell types use extracellular molecules to communicate with each other and any alteration either in the composition of the exosomal cargo or its machinery can affect cardiac homeostasis, leading to disease [13]. Cardiac exosomes are oversecreted as a consequence of stressing factors such as angiotensin II production, hypoxia, inflammation, or injury [51]. Recent literature has shown that exosomes may modify cardiac repair and the fate of fibrosis via the modulation of fibroblast function and likely contribute to obesity cardiomyopathy in which microRNAs seem to play a crucial role [13].…”

Section: Morphological and Molecular Characteristics Of The Heart In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic and structural heart changes in obese rats are incompletely restored after weight loss

Liśkiewicz

Marczak

Bogus

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background As a systemic disorder, obesity strongly affects the cardiovascular system, inducing cardiac overgrowth, which increases the risk of heart failure and death. Moreover, obesity is potentially curable, leading to the restoration of the heart phenotype, but it is not clear if all of the after-effects are reversed after weight loss. of the heart phenotype, but it is not clear if all of the after-effects are reversed after weight loss. Here we describe the proteomic and morphologic phenotype of the heart in a rat model of developmental obesity with an evaluation of whether the observed effects are persistent in spite of weight loss. Methods Developmental obesity with hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance was induced in young rats by exposure to a Western diet composed of human snacks. An histologic evaluation of the heart was performed to measure the size of the cardiomyocytes and amount of connective tissue discriminating the phenotype of obesity cardiomyopathy. The cardiac tissue and plasma were analyzed by global proteomic profiling. Based on these data, we targeted proteins for evaluation with the western blot. The histological and proteomic measurements were performed after weight loss to validate which features of obesity cardiomyopathy were persistent. Results Obesity cardiomyopathy was determined as cardiac hypertrophy associated with fibrosis, oversized myocytes, and mTOR upregulation. A plethora of molecular changes were observed, suggesting an effect on the utilization of metabolic substrates in the hearts of obese animals. This was confirmed by increased levels of ACSL-1, a key enzyme for fatty acid degradation and decreased GLUT-1, a glucose transporter. Immunological processes and lipid metabolism were also affected in the cardiac tissue and plasma. Weight loss led to the normalization of the heart’s size, but some after-effects of obesity such as connective tissue abundance and abnormal proteomic composition were still persistent. Conclusion In addition to morphological consequences, obesity cardiomyopathy involves many proteomic changes. Obesity treatment and weight loss provides for a partial repair of the heart’s architecture, but cardiac fibrosis and some proteomic alterations persist.

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Cardiomyocyte-Derived Exosomes: Biological Functions and Potential Therapeutic Implications

Cited by 55 publications

References 104 publications

Development of Cancer in Patients With Heart Failure: How Systemic Inflammation Can Lay the Groundwork

Development of Cancer in Patients With Heart Failure: How Systemic Inflammation Can Lay the Groundwork

Advances in Exosomes Derived from Different Cell Sources and Cardiovascular Diseases

Proteomic and structural heart changes in obese rats are incompletely restored after weight loss

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