Mechanisms of Oxidation Degradation of Cr12 Roller Steel during Thermal Fatigue Tests

Bombač, David; Gintalas, Marius; Kugler, G.; Terčelj, Milan

doi:10.3390/met10040450

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The choice of a an appropriate heat treatment and the addition of molybdenum slow down the oxidation process [ 2 ]. In addition, molybdenum-rich carbides are resistant to oxidation and remain intact, whereas the surrounding matrix is completely oxidized [ 1 , 3 ]. The occurrence of spalling in the surface layer is considered critical, as both the surface quality of the rolled product and the ability of the rolls to resist fractures (critical crack size) are called into question.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occurrence of spalling in the surface layer is considered critical, as both the surface quality of the rolled product and the ability of the rolls to resist fractures (critical crack size) are called into question. Considerable effort has been invested in the study of early roll surface spalling, and recent studies suggest that spalling is likely related to roll oxidation mechanisms [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The increase in roll surface roughness is generally due to coalescence of short internal and external cracks, as well as abrasion and adhesive wear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laboratory tests confirmed that oxidation plays a role in abrasive wear, affecting not only crack propagation but also material removal. However, material removal occurs only in smaller and expected volume ranges [ 3 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Conversely, the unexpected early spalling of larger volumes of material leads to a significant change in roll surface topography and requires immediate roll replacement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Spalling Analysis of Large Particles in High-Cr Steel during Thermal Fatigue: Relevant Mechanisms

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study was to investigate the surface deterioration of high-Cr roll steel caused by the spalling of larger particles during thermal fatigue. The mechanisms of surface deterioration due to spalling of larger particles are discussed. Using a laboratory thermal fatigue test that replicates hot rolling conditions, samples were tested cyclically (up to 4500 times) at maximum cycle temperatures of 500, 600 and 700 °C, followed by water cooling. Specimens with surface deterioration were selected for analysis, revealing important influencing parameters, i.e., the combination of test temperatures, chemical composition, thermal stress and microstructural properties, leading to oxidation-assisted crack growth in different directions and consequent surface deterioration due to early spalling of larger particles. Here, we describe the mechanisms of crack propagation, especially in the lateral direction, and their relation to the subsequent spalling of larger particles, which depend on the influence of the local chemical composition on the microstructural constituents, as well as their distribution and properties. The results obtained in this study can be used in the development of roll steel microstructures with improved resistance to the identified mechanisms of surface degradation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Spalling Analysis of Large Particles in High-Cr Steel during Thermal Fatigue: Relevant Mechanisms

et al. 2022

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“…The 24CrNiMo low alloys, as a branch of Cr-Ni alloys, have been widely applied in the braking systems of the high-speed trains [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] due to their high corrosion resistance and excellent wear resistance [ 4 ] as well as their thermal fatigue resistance [ 5 ]. In addition, Mo and Ni in the alloy can improve the high temperature strength and wear performance of the alloy, and Cr contributes to improve oxidation resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on SLM Forming Process, Residual Stress and Thermal Fatigue of 24CrNiMo Alloy Steel

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2021

Materials

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The selective laser melting (SLM) forming process of 24CrNiMo alloy steel was optimized by orthogonal experiment. The density and microstructure of the sample were analyzed, and the optimized process parameters were as follows: laser power 300 W, scanning speed 530 mm/s. The 24CrNiMo alloy steel samples were prepared with optimized parameters. The relationship between residual stress and thermal fatigue and the effect of stress-relieving annealing (SR) on residual stress were analyzed. The density of the sample was found to increase at first and then to decrease with the increase of laser power and then to decrease with the increase of scanning speed. Increasing the laser power and scanning speed widened and deepened the weld. Under the optimized process window, the formability of 24CrNiMo alloy steel samples was improved significantly. The residual stress distribution was tensile stress, which had a negative effect on the thermal fatigue properties of the sample. After SR, the residual stress changed to compressive stress, which had a positive effect on the thermal fatigue properties of the samples. Compared with the deposited state, the thermal fatigue cracks were significantly shortened after SR, which was able to further promote the improvement of thermal fatigue performance. The gradient residual stress test showed that the gradient residual stress in the edge region and the central region of the deposited sample had the same trend, and decreased gradually from the surface layer to the base layer.

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“…The accumulated time of work rolls in high temperature is less than 30 min in periods of roll replacement. Furthermore, the oxide scales formed on the roll surface peels off due to friction and thermal fatigue [24][25][26][27][28][29]. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and compare the oxidation behavior of the IC and the HSS roll materials by a combined study of the oxidation kinetics, surface morphology and cross sections of the oxide scales formed in both dry and humid atmospheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oxidation Behaviors of Indefinite Chill Roll and High Speed Steel Materials

Líu

Xie

et al. 2020

Metals

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Indefinite chill (IC) roll and high speed steel (HSS) materials have been widely employed to manufacture work rolls as latter and former stands in hot rolling mills. The oxidation of work rolls is of importance for the surface quality of the rolled workpieces. The isothermal oxidation of the IC and HSS materials was conducted at 650 °C and 700 °C in both dry air and humid air. The isothermal oxidation curves indicate that HSS shows faster kinetics than the IC materials in dry air, whereas the opposite occurred in humid air. The oxide scales of the IC materials after the oxidation in both dry air and humid air are made up of two oxide phases. Two oxide phases were found when the HSS oxidized in the dry air and three oxide phases were found when oxidized in the humid air.

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Mechanisms of Oxidation Degradation of Cr12 Roller Steel during Thermal Fatigue Tests

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Early Spalling Analysis of Large Particles in High-Cr Steel during Thermal Fatigue: Relevant Mechanisms

Early Spalling Analysis of Large Particles in High-Cr Steel during Thermal Fatigue: Relevant Mechanisms

Study on SLM Forming Process, Residual Stress and Thermal Fatigue of 24CrNiMo Alloy Steel

The Oxidation Behaviors of Indefinite Chill Roll and High Speed Steel Materials

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