Mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative disorders

Kovács, Tibor

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2003.10.003

Cited by 213 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Another possible explanation is that the observed lack of difference was caused by the lower (though not significantly) mean age in the HIV-seropositive group relative to the HIV-group. The level of olfactory functions is highest between the age of 20 and 40 years, and then decreases steadily (Kovács 2004). In the current study, the mean age of the HIV+ group was just below 40 years, and the mean age of HIV-group was slightly higher than 40 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between olfactory sensitivity and personality in HIV-seropositive and healthy men

et al. 2018

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The aim of this study was to further elucidate the relationship between the olfactory system and psychosocial functioning. Previous studies have shown that olfactory sensitivity is related to traits such as extraversion, agreeableness, and emotionality. In this study, the model of agency and communion as well as additional measures of social activity were used. The possible influence of HIV infection, believed to affect both chemosensory functions and social behaviors, was examined. 103 male participants were analyzed, of whom 45 were infected with HIV. Olfactory sensitivity was significantly related to the level of communion (p = .01), trait defined as interpersonal warmth, devotion to others, and morality. The effect was independent of the presence of HIV. Eagerness to engage in social activities, a construct indicating how actively one takes part in social life, was positively associated with olfactory sensitivity only in HIV+ individuals (p = .003). This result may imply that active participation in social life can buffer olfactory impairments in HIV patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between olfactory sensitivity and personality in HIV-seropositive and healthy men

et al. 2018

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“…Spadek sprawności węchu z wiekiem jest bardzo dobrze udokumentowany w literaturze przedmiotu [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Ukuto nawet termin opisujący związane z wiekiem, naturalne zmiany sprawności węchowej -presbyosmia [14].…”

Section: Związana Z Wiekiem Utrata Sprawności Węchowejunclassified

“…Estimates concerning the occurrence of olfactory dysfunction suggest its common prevalence. According to various researchers, a percentage of the objectively confirmed smell dysfunctions increases from 11-24% in the middle age to 37-80% in old age [1,8,11,[15][16][17][18]. Approximately half of the US population between the age of 65-80 suffers from various degrees of olfactory loss.…”

Section: Age-related Olfactory Ability Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The olfactory dysfunctions occurring in the course of Alzheimer’s disease

Śmigórska¹,

Śmigórski²

2017

ppn

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Purpose: The aim of this article is to provide a summary of findings concerning olfactory loss associated with pathological neurodegenerative changes which occur over the course of Alzheimer's disease. Views: It is shown that compared with the healthy population, olfactory dysfunction is more pronounced in neurodegenerative diseases and precedes symptoms typical of those diseases. One of the primary differences between physiological, age-associated and pathological olfactory loss is the patients' awareness of the deficit. Healthy hyposmic or even anosmic patients are often aware of the problems caused by this dysfunction; however, it is not the case for patients in the preclinical, prodromal or clinical stages of Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions:The clinical value of olfactory function assessments should be emphasized, as it may provide information about the potential prodromal symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Key words: Alzheimer's disease, olfaction disorders, olfactory perception, dementia, smell. StreszczenieCel: Celem pracy jest przedstawienie stanu wiedzy na temat utraty sprawności węchowej związanej z patologicznymi zmianami neurozwyrodnieniowymi zachodzącymi w przebiegu choroby Alzheimera. Poglądy: Przedstawiono dane wskazujące, że u osób cierpiących na choroby neurozwyrodnieniowe zaburzenia sprawności węcho-wej są bardziej nasilone w porównaniu ze zdrową populacją i poprzedzają objawy typowe dla tych chorób. Jedną z głównych różnic między fizjologiczną, związaną z wiekiem a patologiczną utratą węchu jest świadomość deficytu. Zdrowi, hipozmiczni lub nawet anozmiczni pacjenci są często świadomi problemów powodowanych przez dysfunkcję węchową, czego często nie stwierdza się w przypadku pacjentów w przedklinicznym, prodromalnym lub klinicznym stadium choroby Alzheimera.Wnioski: Podkreślono wartość kliniczną badania sprawności węchu jako potencjalnego objawu prodromalnego choroby Alzheimera. Słowa kluczowe: choroba Alzheimera, zaburzenia węchu, percepcja olfaktoryczna, otępienie, węch.

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“…These plaques are believed to be the result of an overproduction of beta-amyloid in the brain (Gazzaniga, Ivry, & Mangun, 2002). The olfactory bulb is one of first the regions where Alzheimer-type pathology (senile plaques, tangles, and betaamyloid) is manifested in the brain (Christen-Zaech et al, 2003;Kovacs, 2004). Although the clinical symptoms of AD are well established, it is clear that AD patients represent a heterogeneous group.…”

Section: Olfactory Function In MCI and Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Function: The Influence of Demographic, Cognitive, and Genetic factors

Hedner¹

2013

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Olfactory function is affected by demographic, cognitive, and genetic factors. In the present thesis, three empirical studies investigated individual differences in olfactory ability. Study I explored demographic and cognitive correlates in common olfactory tasks; odor detection, odor discrimination, and odor identification. The results indicated that old age influenced performance negatively in all tasks, and that semantic memory proficiency and executive functioning were related to odor discrimination and odor identification performance. No cognitive influence was observed for measurements of olfactory threshold. Using population-based data, Study II investigated a potential influence of the ApoE gene on olfactory identification after controlling for health status, semantic memory, and preclinical and clinical dementia. The main finding was that the ApoE-ɛ4 allele interacted with age, such that older ɛ4-carriers had an impaired odor identification performance relative to older non-carriers. Importantly, the negative ApoE-ɛ4 effect on olfactory proficiency was independent of clinical dementia conversion within five years. Study III investigated the effects of the BDNF val66met polymorphism on olfactory change over a five-year interval, in a communitydwelling sample of young and old age cohorts. The results showed that agerelated decline in olfactory identification was influenced by the BDNF val66met. In middle-aged subjects, no effect of BDNF val66met was observed although older val homozygote carriers showed a selectively larger olfactory decline than the older met carriers. Overall, results suggest that the relative influence of demographic and cognitive factors vary across different olfactory tasks and that two genes (ApoE and BDNF) impact age-related deficits in odor identification. Potential theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed as well as potential limitations of association studies in genomics research.

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Mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative disorders

Cited by 213 publications

References 67 publications

On the relationship between olfactory sensitivity and personality in HIV-seropositive and healthy men

On the relationship between olfactory sensitivity and personality in HIV-seropositive and healthy men

The olfactory dysfunctions occurring in the course of Alzheimer’s disease

Olfactory Function: The Influence of Demographic, Cognitive, and Genetic factors

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