Mechanisms of nutrient modulation of the immune response

Cunningham‐Rundles, Susanna; McNeeley, David F.; Moon, Aeri

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.04.036

Cited by 444 publications

(369 citation statements)

References 133 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

330

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In Fe-deficient mice, a decrease in mitogen-induced proliferative response of thymocytes has been demonstrated (14) . Many of the effects of protein-energy malnutrition on the immune function may be a result of associated alterations in metabolism of metals or vitamins, which in turn affect directly the immune system (18) . The abnormal incidence of various infections and the existence of lymphopenia and lymphoid organ atrophy in malnourished children have been repeatedly demonstrated and evidence points to Zn insufficiency in this type of immunodeficiency (19) .…”

Section: Thymocyte Depletion Associated With Deficiencies In Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional imbalances and infections affect the thymus: consequences on T-cell-mediated immune responses

Savino

Dardenne

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The thymus gland, where T lymphocyte development occurs, is targeted in malnutrition secondary to protein energy deficiency. There is a severe thymic atrophy, resulting from massive thymocyte apoptosis (particularly affecting the immature CD4 + CD8 + cell subset) and decrease in cell proliferation. The thymic microenvironment (the non-lymphoid compartment that drives intrathymic T-cell development) is also affected in malnutrition: morphological changes in thymic epithelial cells were found, together with a decrease of thymic hormone production, as well as an increase of intrathymic contents of extracellular proteins. Profound changes in the thymus can also be seen in deficiencies of vitamins and trace elements. Taking Zn deficiency as an example, there is a substantial thymic atrophy. Importantly, marginal Zn deficiency in AIDS subjects, children with diarrhoea and elderly persons, significantly impairs the host's immunity, resulting in an increased risk of opportunistic infections and mortality; effects that are reversed by Zn supplementation. Thymic changes also occur in acute infectious diseases, including a severe thymic atrophy, mainly due to the depletion of CD4 + CD8 + thymocytes, decrease in thymocyte proliferation, in parallel to densification of the epithelial network and increase in the extracellular matrix contents, with consequent disturbances in thymocyte migration and export. In conclusion, the thymus is targeted in several conditions of malnutrition as well as in acute infections. These changes are related to the impaired peripheral immune response seen in malnourished and infected individuals. Thus, strategies inducing thymus replenishment should be considered as adjuvant therapeutics to improve immunity in malnutrition and/or acute infectious diseases.

show abstract

Section: Thymocyte Depletion Associated With Deficiencies In Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional imbalances and infections affect the thymus: consequences on T-cell-mediated immune responses

Savino

Dardenne

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During the chronic phase of infection, the Th2 response is modulated and granulomas that form around newly deposited eggs are smaller than at earlier times during infection (Pearce & MacDonald 2002). According to Cunningham-Rundles et al (2005), in the human malnutrition (marasmus) the cellular immune system is more directly affected than the humoral immune system (McMurray et al 1981, Chandra 1983) and in this situation lymphocyte subsets are altered (Nájera et al 2004). Malnutrition is also an important cause of immuno-suppression (Peters-Golden et al 2005).…”

Section: Immune Response In Undernourished Mice Infected With S Mansonimentioning

confidence: 99%

Manson's schistosomiasis in the undernourished mouse: some recent findings

Coutinho

Oliveira

Barros

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper deals with current knowledge of the interrelationships between Schistosoma infection and malnutrition. It emphasizes the relevance of these investigations in the face of dynamic and evolving changes occurring in population diets and changes in the epidemiological patterns of schistosomiasis in endemic countries. The paper further discusses the basis for continuing the studies on this subject and the reasons why it represents a misunderstood association. This review also focuses on the cellular and humoral immune responses in the undernourished mouse model infected with Schistosoma mansoni, with updated information on the immune response in wild-type and iNOS knockout mice concerning soluble egg antigen specific antibodies and kinetics of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 cytokines, in the chronic phase of Manson's schistosomiasis. There is indication that schistosome-infected undernourished mice are able to develop a humoral immune response, but antibody titres are much lower than in the control animals. Cytokine production (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10) is lower in the undernourished mice, but as infection progresses to the chronic phase its kinetics run an antagonistic course when compared to that of well-nourished animals. Marked variation in the secretion of IL-13 (a fibrogenic cytokine) could explain why undernourished mice do not develop liver "pipe-stem" fibrosis described in previous papers on well-nourished animals

show abstract

“…62 Although dietary studies in obese children have focused mainly on the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia, 63,64 diet may also modulate the association between adiposity and subclinical inflammation. [65][66][67] Differences in total fat intake and specific fatty acids can modulate the inflammatory response. 65,68 High concentrations of plasma-free fatty acidsFbecause of high fat intake and/or increased lipolysisFare found in overweight adults with the metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Subclinical Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

Zimmermann

Aeberli

2008

Int J Obes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To review and summarize the dietary determinants of the metabolic syndrome, subclinical inflammation and dyslipidemia in overweight children. Design: Review of the current literature, focusing on pediatric studies. Participants: Normal weight, overweight, or obese children and adolescents. Results: There is a growing literature on the metabolic effects of excess body fat during childhood. However, few pediatric studies have examined the dietary determinants of obesity-related metabolic disturbances. From the available data, it appears that dietary factors are not only important environmental determinants of adiposity, but also may affect components of the metabolic syndrome and modulate the actions of adipokines. Dietary total fat and saturated fat are associated with insulin resistance and high blood pressure, as well as obesity-related inflammation. In contrast to studies in adults, resistin and adiponectin do not appear to be closely linked to insulin resistance or dyslipidemia in childhood. However, circulating leptin and retinol-binding protein (RBP) 4 correlate well with obesity, central obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children. Intakes of antioxidant vitamins tend to be low in obese children and may be predictors of subclinical inflammation. Higher fructose intake from sweets and sweetened drinks in overweight children has been linked to decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size. Conclusions: Dietary interventions aimed at reducing intakes of total fat, saturated fat and free fructose, whereas increasing antioxidant vitamin intake may be beneficial in overweight children. More research on the relationships between dietary factors and the metabolic changes of pediatric obesity may help to identify the dietary changes to reduce health risks. International Journal of Obesity (2008) 32, S11-S18; doi:10. 1038/ijo.2008.202 Keywords: child; metabolic syndrome; diet; inflammation; adipokine IntroductionIn both industrialized and non-industrialized countries, the prevalence of pediatric obesity is increasing. 1 Dietary factors are environmental determinants of adiposity, as well as components of the metabolic syndrome, and may modulate the actions of adipokines. Better understanding of the relationships between dietary factors and the metabolic changes of pediatric obesity may help to identify the dietary changes to reduce health risks. Hypertension, insulin resistance, resistin and adiponectinPediatric obesity is an important risk factor for adult hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and approximately one third of obese children are hypertensive and/or hyperinsulinemic. 2,3 The adipocyte-derived hormones resistin, adiponectin and leptin may play a role in the development of hypertension and/or insulin resistance. 4-7 Among children, inverse associations of adiponectin or resistin with body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance have been reported, 8 but not all studies agree. 9 Studies on diet in childhood hypertension have mainly focused on sodium or calcium intake, rather than macr...

show abstract

Mechanisms of nutrient modulation of the immune response

Cited by 444 publications

References 133 publications

Nutritional imbalances and infections affect the thymus: consequences on T-cell-mediated immune responses

Nutritional imbalances and infections affect the thymus: consequences on T-cell-mediated immune responses

Manson's schistosomiasis in the undernourished mouse: some recent findings

Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About