Mechanisms of Nephrotoxicity From Metal Combinations: A Review

Madden, Emily F.; Fowler, Bruce A.

doi:10.1081/dct-100100098

Cited by 130 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In this region, arsenic exposure is often accompanied by fluorosis (9,12,13), which likely complicates toxic response. Coexposure of arsenic with chromium, cadmium, lead, and other metals exacerbates arsenic toxicity in laboratory animals and in cultured cells (17)(18)(19) and could be responsible for some of the exaggerated health effects, such as liver and kidney lesions, observed in this region. Although arsenic is clearly the main inorganic toxicant in this exposure setting, other metals are also common and likely add to the poisoning.…”

Section: Exposure Of Arsenic From Burning Coal Containing High Arsenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic arsenic poisoning from burning high-arsenic-containing coal in Guizhou, China.

Liu

Zheng

Aposhian

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

225

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Arsenic is an environmental hazard and the reduction of drinking water arsenic levels is under consideration. People are exposed to arsenic not only through drinking water but also through arsenic-contaminated air and food. Here we report the health effects of arsenic exposure from burning high arsenic-containing coal in Guizhou, China. Coal in this region has undergone mineralization and thus produces high concentrations of arsenic. Coal is burned inside the home in open pits for daily cooking and crop drying, producing a high concentration of arsenic in indoor air. Arsenic in the air coats and permeates food being dried producing high concentrations in food; however, arsenic concentrations in the drinking water are in the normal range. The estimated sources of total arsenic exposure in this area are from arsenic-contaminated food (50-80%), air (10-20%), water (1-5%), and direct contact in coal-mining workers (1%). At least 3,000 patients with arsenic poisoning were found in the Southwest Prefecture of Guizhou, and approximately 200,000 people are at risk for such overexposures. Skin lesions are common, including keratosis of the hands and feet, pigmentation on the trunk, skin ulceration, and skin cancers. Toxicities to internal organs, including lung dysfunction, neuropathy, and nephrotoxicity, are clinically evident. The prevalence of hepatomegaly was 20%, and cirrhosis, ascites, and liver cancer are the most serious outcomes of arsenic poisoning. The Chinese government and international organizations are attempting to improve the house conditions and the coal source, and thereby protect human health in this area.

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Section: Exposure Of Arsenic From Burning Coal Containing High Arsenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic arsenic poisoning from burning high-arsenic-containing coal in Guizhou, China.

Liu

Zheng

Aposhian

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

225

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“…[5] Alterations in blood and tissue concentrations of TEs in the kidney failure patient have been investigated extensively over the last few years. [6,7] Aluminum (Al) is one of the most interesting ions, causing intoxication in chronic renal failure patients (CRFPs) due to the altered metabolism of Al in these patients. [8] Al poisoning in CRFPs who are on long-term maintenance hemodialysis is now recognized as contributing to the dialysis encephalopathy syndrome and to dialysis osteomalacia and anemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Toxic Metals in Blood and Urine Samples of Chronic Renal Failure Patients, before and after Dialysis

et al. 2008

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The determination of toxic elements in the biological samples of human beings is an important clinical screening procedure. The aim of this work was to determine total content of toxic elements-aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)-in whole blood and urine samples of male chronic renal failure patients (CRFPs) on maintenance hemodialysis from 2006 to 2007. The study included 100 CRFPs, plus 150 healthy volunteers in the control group. The concentration of toxic elements (TEs) were determined in blood sample before and after hemodialysis, while urine sample was determined once, before dialysis. Toxic elements were analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer, prior to microwave-induced acid digestion. The accuracy of the total Al, Cd, and Pb measurements was tested by simultaneously analyzing certified reference materials. No significant differences were established between the analytical results and the certified values (paired t-test at p > 0.05). The levels of TEs in blood samples of patients before dialysis were found to be higher than blood samples after dialysis session. In the control group, the blood levels of Al, Cd, and Pb were significantly lower than the chronic renal failure patients.Moreover, the study shows that analyzing levels of Al, Cd, and Pb may be useful in hemodialysis patients in evaluating TEs status.

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“…Similarly, Hg, Cd, and As affect endocrine function, including thyroid function (Glattre et al, 1995;Schantz and Widholm, 2001). Antimony (Sb), As, U, and Cd have apparent carcinogenic activity, whereas Cd, As, and U are nephrotoxic (EPA IRIS;Fowler, 1993;Madden and Fowler, 2000;Hornung, 2001;Sanchez et al, 2001;De Boeck et al, 2004;Taulan et al, 2004;Smith et al, 2006). Excessive selenium (Se) exposure may produce gastrointestinal symptoms, liver dysfunction, loss of hair and nails, nervous system impairment (Olson, 1986), and hematological and thyroid effects (Kumar et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of metals in blood of Maine children 1–6 years old

Rice

Lincoln

Martha

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Blood lead concentrations are higher in young children than in other age groups, whereas little is known regarding concentrations of other metals in young children. We measured the concentrations of a suite of metals in the blood of children 1-6 years of age, and assessed potential differences by age, season, or region of Maine. We used blood submitted to the Maine State Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory for blood lead analysis to determine the concentrations of arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), tin (Sn), and uranium (U) in 1350 children 1-6 years of age. The essential metals Mn and Se were detected in all samples, and As and Sb were detected in 490% of samples. Hg was detected in approximately 60% of samples. U and Cd were less often detected in blood samples, at approximately 30% and 10% of samples, respectively. Sn was not detected in any sample. Concentrations of As, Hg, and Se increased with age, whereas Sb decreased with age. Concentrations also varied by season and region for some though not all metals. Significant pairwise correlations were observed for a number of metals. Blood is a reasonable compartment for measurement of most of these metals in young children. The use of convenience samples provided a cost-effective mechanism for assessing exposure of young children in Maine.

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Mechanisms of Nephrotoxicity From Metal Combinations: A Review

Cited by 130 publications

References 33 publications

Chronic arsenic poisoning from burning high-arsenic-containing coal in Guizhou, China.

Chronic arsenic poisoning from burning high-arsenic-containing coal in Guizhou, China.

Evaluation of Toxic Metals in Blood and Urine Samples of Chronic Renal Failure Patients, before and after Dialysis

Concentration of metals in blood of Maine children 1–6 years old

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