Mechanisms of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides in repairing gastric mucosal injuries based on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides on gastric mucosal injuries. Following one week of continuous intragastric administration, a gastric mucosal injury model was established using intragastric administration of anhydrous ethanol. The area of gastric ulcer was measured, the contents of interleukin- 6 (IL-6), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TFF-1) in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expressions of EGFR, TFF-1, IL-6, Raf-2, MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEK1), MEK2, and ERK1 in the gastric tissue were determined utilizing qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Simultaneously, Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides and anhydrous ethanol were added to the gastric mucosal cells (GES1) cultured in vitro, and the protective effects of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides on cell viability was detected using Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8. The addition of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides markedly improved the gastric epithelial defect, inflammatory cell infiltration, and redness and swelling stemmed from gastric mucosal injuries and greatly reduced the area of gastric ulcer. The inhibition rates of gastric ulcer were 48.12 ± 2.98, 42.95 ± 1.52, and 27.96 ± 2.05% in the high, medium, and low concentration Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide groups, respectively. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides could increase the expressions of EGFR and TFF-1 and decrease the expressions of IL-6, Raf-2, MEK1, MEK2, and ERK1. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides could reduce the level of inflammatory factors and protect gastric mucosa by inhibiting the expression of MAPK pathway genes and proteins.

Research progress on extraction, purification, structure and biological activity of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides

“…Liang et al ( 15 ) found that D. officinale polysaccharide (DOP-G-3) could reduce inflammatory damage, reduce colon pathological damage, and protect colon from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Ma et al ( 79 ) found that D. officinale polysaccharide could reduce the expression of IL-6, Raf-2, MEK1, MEK2, and ERK by promoting the expression of EGFR and TFF-1 expression, thus reducing the level of inflammatory factors and protecting the gastric mucosa.…”

Gastroprotective polysaccharide from natural sources: Review on structure, mechanism, and structure–activity relationship

“…In vivo: GU (-); EGFR and TFF1 (+); IL-6, Raf-2, MEK1, MEK2, and ERK1 (-); MAPK signaling pathway. In vitro: cell injury (-); EGFR and TFF1 (+); IL-6, Raf-2, MEK1, MEK2, and ERK1 (-); MAPK signaling pathway (Ma et al, 2022) (Continues)…”

“…to screen gastroprotection action of polysaccharides, as an important mucosal defense barrier can be formed by these gastric epithelial cells (Laine et al, 2008). Polysaccharides from herbs (Ma et al, 2022;Qi et al, 2021;Qian et al, 2018 Meanwhile, as H. pylori is the dominating pathogen of gastric diseases, anti-H. pylori (Chandrashekar & Dharmesh, 2016;Srikanta et al, 2007) and H. pylori adhesion to gastric mucosa or cells (Inngjerdingen et al, 2014;Loke et al, 2007) have been utilized to evaluate the gastroprotective activities of some polysaccharides. Polysaccharides from herbs (Chandrashekar & Dharmesh, 2016;Harsha et al, 2016;Srikanta et al, 2007) and fungi (Zhu et al, 2014) could inhibit the growth of H. pylori with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 44 to 320 μg/ml.…”

“…Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are involved in the anti-inflammatory action (Ma et al, 2022;C. Xu, Ding, et al, 2016).…”

“…and trefoil factor-1 (TFF1) and reduction of expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), rubisco accumulation factor 2 (Raf-2), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1), MEK2, and ERK1 (Ma et al, 2022).…”