Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics and Biocides

Russell, A. D.

doi:10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70036-5

Cited by 68 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 248 publications

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“…There are two widely discussed mechanisms by which this coselection might occur. The first of these is the acquisition of generic resistance mechanisms that function to exclude or remove both antibiotics and biocides, such as changes to membrane properties or the acquisition of efflux pumps (Russell et al, 1998;Langsrud et al, 2004;Poole, 2005). The second mechanism involves coselection of antibiotic resistance genes through their linkage with biocide resistance determinants on the same plasmid or transposon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene cassettes encoding resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds: a role in the origin of clinical class 1 integrons?

et al. 2008

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DNA sequencing, phylogenetic and mapping studies suggest that the class 1 integron found in pathogens arose when one member of the diverse family of environmental class 1 integrons became embedded into a Tn402 transposon. However, the timing of this event and the selective forces that first fixed the newly formed element in a bacterial lineage are still unknown. Biocides have a longer use in clinical practice than antibiotics, and a qac (quaternary ammonium compound) resistance gene, or remnant thereof, is a normal feature of class 1 integrons recovered from clinical isolates. Consequently, it is possible that the initial selective advantage was conferred by resistance to biocides, mediated by qac. Here, we show that diverse qac gene cassettes are a dominant feature of cassette arrays from environmental class 1 integrons, and that they occur in the absence of any antibiotic resistance gene cassettes. They are present in arrays that are dynamic, acquiring and rearranging gene cassettes within the arrays. The abundance of qac gene cassettes makes them a likely candidate for participation in the original insertion into Tn402, and as a source of a readily selectable phenotype. More broadly, the increasing use of qac and other biocides at the present time seems likely to promote the fixation of further novel genetic elements, with unpredictable and potentially adverse consequences for human health and agriculture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene cassettes encoding resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds: a role in the origin of clinical class 1 integrons?

et al. 2008

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“…Through mutation, some of their progeny emerge with resistance to the antibacterial agent aimed at it, and possibly to other antimicrobial agents as well (4). Laboratoryderived mutants of Pseudomonas stutzeri with resistance to the cationic biocide chlorhexidine were also cross-resistant to antibiotics (nalidixic acid, erythromycin, and ampicillin) (7). In a recent study, 7% of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from the environment and food products showed resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (8).…”

Section: Development Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Household Products: Cause for Concern

Levy

2001

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

199

128

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“…Previously, this implication was regarded as unfounded, as the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and antibacterial resistance were recognized to be dissimilar -with antibiotics having specific, genetically based, cell-targeted actions, as opposed to an overall nongenetic based, nontargeted, inhibitory or toxic effect from antimicrobial agents. Russell et al (1998) and McBain and Gilbert (2001) have suggested a possible link between bacterial antibiotic and biocide cross-resistance. Under laboratory conditions Escherichia coli mutants with selected resistance to the disinfectant pine oil were also resistant to several antibiotics (Moken et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of antibiotic and antibacterial agent cross-resistance in target bacteria from homes of antibacterial product users and nonusers

et al. 2003

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Aim: To describe the relationship between antibiotic and antibacterial resistance in environmental and clinical bacteria from home environments across geographical locations, relative to the use or nonuse of antibacterial products, with a focus on target organisms recognized as potential human pathogens. Methods and Results: In a randomized study, environmental and clinical samples were collected from the homes of antibacterial product users (n ¼ 30) and nonusers (n ¼ 30) for the isolation of target bacteria for antibiotic and antibacterial testing in three geographical areas (in USA and UK). Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, with selected antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible isolates tested against four common antibacterial agents (triclosan, para-chloro-meta-xylenol, pine oil and quaternary ammonium compound). Prequalified users and nonusers at each location were randomly selected after meeting exclusionary criteria.Of 1238 isolates, more target bacteria were recovered from nonuser than user homes. Of Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n ¼ 33), none showed resistance to oxacillin or vancomycin; for Enterococcus sp. (n ¼ 149), none were resistant to ampicillin or vancomycin; and for Klebsiella pneumoniae (n ¼ 54)and Escherichia coli (n ¼ 24), none were resistant to third generation cephalosporins. Antibiotic resistance to one or more of the standard test panel drugs for Gram-positive and Gram-negative target bacteria was comparable between nonuser and user homes for both environmental and clinical isolates [e.g. resistance of environmental coagulase-negative (CN) Staphylococcus sp. was 73AE8% (124/168) from nonuser homes and 73AE0% (111/152) from user homes, and Enterobacteriaceae other than E. coli, 75AE9% (186/245) from nonuser homes compared with 78AE0% from user homes]. Of 524 Gram-negatives tested against preferred/alternative drugs, 97AE1% (509/524) were susceptible to all antibiotics, across both groups. Isolates of S. aureus, Enterococcus sp. and CN Staphylococcus sp. susceptible to all preferred treatment drugs showed comparable antibacterial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results between nonuser and user home isolates. For Gram-positives resistant to one or more preferred drugs, greatest resistance to antibacterial active ingredients was found in the nonuser group. For Gram-negatives, the antibacterial MIC data were comparable for isolates that were fully susceptible and resistant to one or more preferred/alternative treatment antibiotics.This study was conducted in central North Carolina and northern New Jersey in the USA, and in north-eastern England in the UK. 2003, 95, 664-676 doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02022.x Conclusions: The results showed a lack of antibiotic and antibacterial agent cross-resistance in target bacteria from the homes of antibacterial product users and nonusers, as well as increased prevalence of potential pathogens in nonuser homes. Significance and Impact of the Study: It refutes widely publicized, yet unsupported, hypotheses that use o...

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Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics and Biocides

Cited by 68 publications

References 248 publications

Gene cassettes encoding resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds: a role in the origin of clinical class 1 integrons?

Gene cassettes encoding resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds: a role in the origin of clinical class 1 integrons?

Antibacterial Household Products: Cause for Concern

Investigation of antibiotic and antibacterial agent cross-resistance in target bacteria from homes of antibacterial product users and nonusers

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