Antibacterial Household Products: Cause for Concern

Levy, Stuart B.

doi:10.3201/eid0707.017705

Cited by 199 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our results show that antibiotics constitute a paradigmatic example of this general evolution trend. This view is supported by other work in addition to ours (27) and also might result in a reconsideration of the unexpected, and therefore unexplored, effects on microbial biosphere resulting from the release of industrial antibiotics or biocides in nature (27,28), including those used to feed animal for their ability to promote growth.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Antibiotics as intermicrobial signaling agents instead of weapons

Linares

Gustafsson

Baquero

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

584

481

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It has been widely assumed that the ecological function of antibiotics in nature is fighting against competitors. This made them a good example of the Darwinian struggle-for-life in the microbial world. Based on this idea, it also has been believed that antibiotics, even at subinhibitory concentrations, reduce virulence of bacterial pathogens. Herein, using a combination of genomic and functional assays, we demonstrate that specific antibiotics (namely tobramycin, tetracycline, and norfloxacin) at subinhibitory concentrations trigger expression of determinants influencing the virulence of the major opportunistic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All three antibiotics induce biofilm formation; tobramycin increases bacterial motility, and tetracycline triggers expression of P. aeruginosa type III secretion system and consequently bacterial cytotoxicity. Besides their relevance in the infection process, those determinants are relevant for the ecological behavior of this bacterial species in natural, nonclinical environments, either by favoring colonization of surfaces (biofilm, motility) or for fighting against eukaryotic predators (cytotoxicity). Our results support the notion that antibiotics are not only bacterial weapons for fighting competitors but also signaling molecules that may regulate the homeostasis of microbial communities. At low concentrations, they can even be beneficial for the behavior of susceptible bacteria in natural environments. This is a complete change on our vision on the ecological function of antibiotics with clear implications both for the treatment of infectious diseases and for the understanding of the microbial relationships in the biosphere. environment ͉ hormesis ͉ signals ͉ antibiotics ͉ Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Antibiotics as intermicrobial signaling agents instead of weapons

Linares

Gustafsson

Baquero

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

584

481

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show abstract

“…100 In laboratory studies this relationship between the use of triclosan and antibiotic resistance has been confi rmed. 101,102 However, when studies are undertaken in the home environment no signifi cant differences in the frequency of antibiotic resistant bacteria were found in locations that did or did not use surface antibacterial agents. 103,104 In addition, regular use of a triclosan containing toothpaste did not demonstrate signifi cant decreases in antibiotic susceptibility in dental bacteria.…”

Section: Microbial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a role for triclosan/copolymer toothpaste in the management of periodontal disease?

et al. 2009

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“…8 Many biochemical studies for the triclosan activity have been performed on the wild-type (WT) and mutated E. coli ENRs. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] And as new bacterial ENR inhibitors, many ligands have been tested for their inhibitory activities. [17][18][19][20][21] At first in 1996 Rice's group used diazaborine derivatives as the antibacterial candidate ligand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Drug-Protein Interactions in Escherichia coli FabI and Various FabI Inhibitor Complexes

Lee

Singh²

2011

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Many ligands have been experimentally designed and tested for their activities as inhibitors against bacterial enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI), ENR. Here the binding energies of the reported ligands with the E. coli ENR-NAD + were calculated, analyzed and compared, and their molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study was performed. IDN, ZAM and AYM ligands were calculated to have larger binding energies than TCL and IDN has the largest binding energy among the considered ligands (TCL, S54, E26, ZAM, AYM and IDN). The contribution of residues to the ligand binding energy is larger in E. coli ENR-NAD + -IDN than in E. coli ENR-NAD + -TCL, while the contribution of NAD + is smaller for IDN than for TCL. The large-size ligands having considerable interactions with residues and NAD + have many effective functional groups such as aromatic π rings, acidic hydroxyl groups, and polarizable amide carbonyl groups in common. The cation-π interactions have large binding energies, positively charged residues strongly interact with polarisable amide carbonyl group, and the acidic phenoxyl group has strong H-bond interactions. The residues which have strong interactions with the ligands in common are Y146, Y156, M159 and K163. This study of the reported inhibitor candidates is expected to assist the design of feasible ENR inhibitors.

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Antibacterial Household Products: Cause for Concern

Cited by 199 publications

References 23 publications

Antibiotics as intermicrobial signaling agents instead of weapons

Antibiotics as intermicrobial signaling agents instead of weapons

Is there a role for triclosan/copolymer toothpaste in the management of periodontal disease?

Understanding Drug-Protein Interactions in Escherichia coli FabI and Various FabI Inhibitor Complexes

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