Mechanisms linking nutrition and reproduction in postpartum cows

Lucy, M. C.

doi:10.1530/biosciprocs.5.031

Cited by 34 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…For the development of the reproductive system and optimal reproductive performance of female livestock, proper nutrition is important, as it affects all aspects of reproduction, from gametogenesis to puberty (Lucy 2002;Hazeleger et al 2005). For example, energy and protein supplementation improved ovarian follicle function and resumed ovarian activity earlier in grazing beef cows (Oliveira Filho et al 2010), while trace mineral supplementation improved both ovarian folliculogenesis and embryo development and increased pregnancy rates in female animals (Hurley & Doane 1989;Smith & Akinbamijo 2000;Hostetler et al 2003;Ahola et al 2004;Castellano et al 2005a;Griffiths et al 2007;Jaramillo et al 2015;Khan et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of supplements during the cold season on the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes

Jing

Peng

et al. 2017

Animal Science Journal

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We examined the development of the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes when fed only oat hay (CON) or supplemented with either lick blocks (BS) or concentrate feed (CS) during the cold season. The average daily gain of the CS ewes was greater than that of the BS ewes (P < 0.05), which was greater than that of the CON ewes. The same pattern was observed in the number of ovarian follicles (P < 0.001), that is, CS > BS > CON. Serum concentrations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteotrophic hormone, estradiol and progesterone in the CS and BS groups were higher than in the CON group (P < 0.05). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of KiSS-1, GPR54 (G protein-coupled receptor 54), ERα (estradiol receptor α) in the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular area of the CS group were higher than in both the BS and CON groups (P < 0.05), while the BS group was higher than in the CON group (P < 0.05). Similar differences among groups were observed for gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the pituitary, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the ovary. These results indicated that the KiSS1/GPR54 system was more active with nutrition or trace mineral supplementation during the cold season. The system stimulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and enhanced folliclar development in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes. We concluded that energy, protein and trace minerals supplements could improve the reproductive performance of Tibetan sheep on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of supplements during the cold season on the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes

Jing

Peng

et al. 2017

Animal Science Journal

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“…In addition to selecting for cows that produced more milk, greater angularity or sharpness was also considered favourable (i.e., cows also looked like they produced more milk). It has been well established that BCS is a key driver of cow health and fertility (Berry et al 2003, Buckley et al 2003, Lucy 2003, Weigel 2006, Roche et al 2009, Cummins et al 2012b, Moore et al 2014. Favourable BCS, however, is the opposite of favourable angularity.…”

Section: Influence Of Genetics On Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the US, productive life was incorporated into the index in 1994 and daughter pregnancy rate was added in 2003(Cole et al 2009. Currently, these two traits account for 33% of the Net Merit index (22% and 11%, respectively).…”

Section: Influence Of Genetics On Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing productive and reproductive performance in the grazing cow

Butler¹,

Cummins²,

Herlihy³

et al. 2019

Proc

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The efficiency of milk production in pasture-based systems is heavily influenced by calving pattern, necessitating excellent reproductive performance in a short breeding season. Where grazed pasture is the major component of the diet, cows are underfed relative to their intake potential. A number of studies have identified body condition score measurements that are related to likelihood of both submission and conception. In general, fertility variables have favourable associations with circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 and unfavourable associations with non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and endogenous growth hormone. Nutritional strategies to impact these metabolic indicators have been utilised, but effects on herd fertility are inconsistent. Long term selection for improved genetic merit for fertility traits increases the likelihood of pregnancy establishment. This is achieved through more favourable metabolic status, advancing postpartum resumption of cyclicity, improved postpartum uterine health, stronger behavioural oestrous expression and increased luteal phase circulating progesterone concentrations. Use of synchronisation to maximise submission rates can advance the timing of pregnancy establishment and improve calving pattern. Incorporation of sexed semen into the breeding programme can increase the number of female calves born, but at the expense of reduced conception rates. Nevertheless, careful selection of the heifers and cows to be inseminated with sexed semen will minimize the reduction in fertility performance. This review outlines the unique challenges of pasture-based systems, and the roles of nutritional management, genetic improvement of fertility traits, synchronisation and incorporation of sexed semen in the breeding programme in regulating reproductive performance.

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“…Reproductive capacity of cows is determined by the efficiency of the females return to cyclicity post-partum and development of pre-ovulatory follicles responsive to luteinizing hormone (LH) peaks, leading to ovulation and production of a corpus luteum that is able to secrete sufficient amounts of progesterone during a normal estrous cycle (SHORT et al, 1990;LUCY, 2003). The moment of return to cyclicity after parturition in beef cows is the determinant factor for general reproductive efficiency of the herd and the economic success of breeding systems (HESS et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physiologically postpartum is marked by a period of approximately 30 days of anestrus necessary for the reestablishment of processes necessary for the reestablishment of the physiological conditions of the reproductive system (SHORT et al, 1990). In the second week of postpartum, an increase in the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and the recruitment of a new follicular wave is observed (YAVAS; WALTON, 2000); however, some factors, such as body corporal condition loss and suckling (WILLIAMS, 1990;LUCY, 2003) cause low systemic levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), glucose, and insulin. Changes in milk yield and hormonal circulation negatively influence the frequency of pulses of luteinizing hormone, compromising follicular growth (WILLIAMS, 1990;GRIMARD et al, 1995;HESS et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of follicular growth and progesterone production in Bos taurus cows strategically treated with insulin

Maffi

Rodrigues

Farias

et al. 2019

SCA

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The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of strategic insulin administration on follicular growth, progesterone production, and pregnancy rate in beef cattle. Two experiments were conducted, in experiment 1, 215 cows crossbreed cows (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) (Control Group, n = 109; Insulin Group, n = 106) were submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) with application of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and a vaginal device containing progesterone on day 0. On day 9, the device was removed and 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate was administered with 12.5 mg of dinoprost and 0.25 UI kg-1 of insulin for the treated animals. On day 11, artificial insemination (AI) was performed on all animals. On days 9 and 11 according to the protocol, was evaluated follicular growth and estrus manifestation, and 30 days after AI the pregnancy rate. In experiment 2, 85 cows were utilized, including Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, and crossbreeds (Control Group, n = 49 and Insulin Group, n = 36), and were submitted to the protocol for fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET), and progesterone concentrations were evaluated. On day 0, the cows received 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and a vaginal device containing progesterone. On day 5 of the protocol, 0.150 mg of cloprostenol was administered. On day 8, the vaginal device was removed and 20 mg of purified porcine pituitary extract and 0.25 UI kg-1 of insulin was given to the animals in the treatment group, and on day 9, 1 mg of estradiol benzoate was administered. On day 17, an embryo transfer was performed and blood collection for evaluation of progesterone levels in animals submitted to FTET were collected. In experiment 1, the follicular growth rate and the pregnancy rate were similar between groups (P > 0.05) and in experiment 2, the production of P4 was not different between the animals that received the insulin application and the control group. The utilization of a single dose of insulin for beef cows did not affect the ovulatory follicular diameter, progesterone concentrations, or pregnancy rate.

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Mechanisms linking nutrition and reproduction in postpartum cows

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of supplements during the cold season on the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes

Effect of supplements during the cold season on the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes

Optimizing productive and reproductive performance in the grazing cow

Evaluation of follicular growth and progesterone production in Bos taurus cows strategically treated with insulin

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