Mechanisms for Flame Retardancy and Smoke suppression -A Review

Green, Joseph

doi:10.1177/073490419601400602

Cited by 207 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Fire retardants containing such heteroelements or other inhibitors can increase the yield of smoke and its toxic components, but by slowing the rate of burning can also cause a reduction in smoke and toxic gas production rates. Commercial smoke suppressants can be added to fire retardants to reduce the quantity of smoke produced, examples include zinc borate, and molybdenum and tin compounds (Green 1996).…”

Section: Smoke Production and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flammability behaviour of wood and a review of the methods for its reduction

2013

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Wood is one of the most sustainable, aesthetically pleasing and environmentally benign materials. Not only is wood often an integral part of structures, it is also the main source of furnishings found in homes, schools, and offices around the world. The often inevitable hazards of fire make wood a very desirable material for further investigation. As well as ignition resistance and a low heat release rate, timber products have long been required to resist burnthrough and maintain structural integrity whilst continuing to provide protection when exposed to fire or heat. Various industry standard tests are thus required to ensure adequate protection from fire is provided. When heated, wood undergoes thermal degradation and combustion to produce gases, vapours, tars and char. In order to understand and alter the fire behaviour of wood, it is necessary to know in as much detail as possible about its processes of decomposition. Various thermal analysis and flammability assessment techniques are utilised for this purpose, including thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimetry and the single burning item test. The results of such tests are often highly dependent on various parameters including changes to the gas composition, temperature, heating rate, and sample shape size. Potential approaches for fire retarding timber are reviewed, identifying two main approaches: char formation and isolating layers. Other potential approaches are recognised, including the use of inorganic minerals, such as sericrite, and metal foils in combination with intumescent products. Formulations containing silicon, nitrogen and phosphorus have been reported, and efforts to retain silicon in the wood have been successful using micro-layers of silicon dioxide. Nano-scale fire retardants, such as nanocomposite coatings, are considered to provide a new generation of fire retardants, and may have potential for wood. Expandable graphite is identified for use in polymers and has potential for wood provided coating applications are preferred.

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Section: Smoke Production and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flammability behaviour of wood and a review of the methods for its reduction

2013

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“…32 For example, metal cations from color pigments or an inert filler such as calcium carbonate or talc may lead to the formation of stable metal halides, rendering the halogen unavailable for reaction with antimony oxide. The result is that neither the halogen nor the antimony is transported into the vapor zone.…”

Section: Halogen-containing Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to Flame Retardancy and Polymer Flammability

Levchik¹

2006

Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites

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“…Polymer combustion is a complex process involving a multitude of steps and is best described in qualitative terms. In general, four major steps comprise polymer combustion: ignition, pyrolysis, combustion and feedback [35]. Depending on the flammability limit of the material, ignition is normally caused by the presence of an external heat source such as a flame or a spark or, if the temperature is high enough, occurs spontaneously.…”

Section: Recent Developments In Different Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Flame Retardant of Different Types of Nanocomposites

Visakh

2015

Flame Retardants

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The present chapter deals with a brief account on various types topics in flame retardant of polymer nanocomposites. This chapter discussed with different topics such as flame retardancy of polymer nanocomposite, recent developments in different techniques used for the flame retardancy, recent development of phosphorus flame retardants in thermoplastic blends and nanocomposites, non-halogen flame retardants in epoxy-based composites and nanocomposites, flame retardant/ resistant based nanocomposites in textile, flame retardants in bitumens and nanocomposites, fire retardant for phase change material, flame retardant finishing for textiles, flame retardant of cellulosic materials and their composites. Flame Retardancy of Polymer NanocompositeFrom the application view polymers are very flammable materials, for preventing this flammability, scientists need to improve polymer fire retardancies, and this is a major challenging. Developing the effective environmentally friendly flame retardants is challenging. Because of this materials are very hazardous; they are widely used owing to their effectiveness and low cost. Flame retardant nanocomposites with conventional fire retardants to develop more-efficient materials showing improved mechanical properties. There are numerous nanofiller/conventionalfire-retardant already prepared. From some of the work related to CNTs shows that improve the flammable properties of nanocomposites also improved the mechanical properties such as electrical, thermal properties. Nanofiller-based flame retardants show high flame-retardant efficiencies. Nanofiller can reduce the peak heat release rates (PHRRs) of polymers and thus reduce the speed at which

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Mechanisms for Flame Retardancy and Smoke suppression -A Review

Cited by 207 publications

References 5 publications

Flammability behaviour of wood and a review of the methods for its reduction

Flammability behaviour of wood and a review of the methods for its reduction

Introduction to Flame Retardancy and Polymer Flammability

Advances in Flame Retardant of Different Types of Nanocomposites

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