Mechanisms controlling the secondary compression of clays

Sridharan, A.; Rao, Anirudh

doi:10.1016/0148-9062(83)91683-2

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, the increase in the LL of RM/TCE mixture cannot be explained by variations in the density-viscosity of the pore fluid, but likely is related with the strong decrease in e that enhances inter-particle attractive forces and aggregation of RM, as evidenced by SEM (Fig. 2), thus increasing its shearing resistance and the LL, in a similar manner to as described for kaolinite (Sridharan and Rao 1975). In contrast to pure organics, neither heptane-nor TCE-saturated aqueous solutions changed Atterberg limits of the RM (Table 4).…”

Section: Atterberg Limitsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Chemical and environmental compatibility of red mud liners for hazardous waste containment

Rubinos

Spagnoli

Barral

2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Red mud residue from alumina production has been proposed as an alternative liner material. The chemical and environmental compatibility of red mud upon exposure to representative organic (methanol, heptane, TCE, and acetic acid) and inorganic liquids (CaCl 2 and seawater) was studied. Chemical compatibility assays comprised Atterberg limits and sedimentation and hydraulic conductivity tests for red mud interacted with the chemical liquids, whereas the environmental compatibility was assessed through the leaching of metals from red mud as permeated with the liquids. Methanol greatly reduced the plasticity at concentrations C80 % by volume, but it did not increase the hydraulic conductivity of compacted red mud. High concentrations (C60 % v/v) of acetic acid reduced the plasticity and enhanced the sedimentation of red mud. Conversely, acetic acid concentrations B40 % caused dispersion, but damaged the hydraulic properties and structure of red mud. The percolation of a pH 2 acetic acid solution did not adversely affect the hydraulic performance of the red mud liner. Neither diluted heptane nor TCE affected the red mud. However, pure organics suppressed the plasticity and induced aggregation of red mud, suggesting a great detrimental effect on red mud liners. The red mud exhibited great resistance to attack by inorganic salt solutions. Some concerning leaching of metals (primarily Al and Cr) occurred as water, acetic acid, and CaCl 2 solutions percolated through red mud, but effluent metals concentration quickly dropped to permissible levels. In general, red mud exhibited a high resistance against chemical attack; nevertheless, exposure to low-dielectric-constant organic chemicals should be avoided.

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Section: Atterberg Limitsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Chemical and environmental compatibility of red mud liners for hazardous waste containment

Rubinos

Spagnoli

Barral

2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…It has been reported that w L increases marginally with increasing concentration of ions in the pore water. Increasing the concentration and the valence of the ions in the pore fluid causes coagulation of the minerals, which leads to a higher liquid limit (Horpibulsuk et al 2011;Sridharan and Venkatappa Rao 1975;Sridharan et al 1986Sridharan et al , 1988.…”

Section: Kaolinite Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NaCl in saline waters causes the thickness of the diffuse double layer to shrink, limiting the volume change behaviour (Thøgersen 2001;Sridharan and Venkatappa Rao 1973). Thus, the w L decreases with an increase of salinity for smectite-rich clays (Horpibulsuk et al 2011;Sridharan and Venkatappa Rao 1975;Sridharan et al 1986Sridharan et al , 1988. The liquid limit, plastic limit, undrained shear strength and deformation potential, etc.…”

Section: Diffuse Double Layers Of Clay Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of smectite content on the deformation behaviour of clay

Lodahl¹

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A number of structures are planned to be constructed on or in the Palaeogene clays in Denmark, e.g. the re-development of Aarhus Ø and the construction of the Femern Fixed Link. The Palaeogene clays are generally of very high plasticity, hold low strengths and have high deformation potentials despite being previously compressed by past glaciations. When unloaded the clay adsorbs water and swells profoundly. These geotechnical traits pose a challenge and must be accounted for when designing a structure situated on high plasticity clays. When not considered, the features of the Palaeogene clay may pose a safety concern for the building and settlements may develop over time.Previous studies on Palaeogene clays in Denmark have shown, that the well-known index relations used in Danish geotechnical practice are generally not valid for the in situ behaviour of high plasticity clays. Moreover, several studies illustrates how the vertical yield stress derived from the compression curves of high plasticity clays does not reflect the previously sustained overburden, which normally is the case for clays of low to medium plasticity. The feature have been described as "lack of stress memory".The present thesis investigates the 1D deformation behaviour of high plasticity clays. The effects of the clay mineral smectite on the deformation and swelling potential of the high plasticity clays are of special focus. Based on 1D compression tests the deformation potential of a range of artificial specimens made from mixtures of kaolinite and smectite minerals were investigated. Features typically observed for Danish Palaeogene clays were also observed for the artificial mixtures, e.g. high plasticity and low stiffness, which have both been related to the smectite content in the tested, artificial specimens.Based on a number of tests, conducted following different loading programmes, a deformation model framework is presented which captures the essential features of the high plasticity clays. The model reproduces the compression curves obtained from testing of artificial specimens quite well and have also successfully been applied to reproduce compression curves from oedometer tests on intact natural highly plastic clays presented in literature. Based on the conducted tests it was observed that the lack of stress memory was related to the void ratio increase on a former unloading step, and thus directly affected by the smectite content of the specimen and the extent of unloading. It was also found that the compression potential in normally and overconsolidated conditions is dictated by smectite content but also affected by the length of the stress path followed during testing. III ResuméFlere bygge-og anlaegsprojekter er planlagt opført på de danske palaeogene lere, f.eks. udviklingen af Aarhus Ø og etableringen af den faste forbindelse over Femern Baelt. De palaeogene lere har generelt meget høj plasticitet, lave styrker og høje deformationspotentialer, selvom de tidligere er blevet belastet af isen under forgangne istider. Nå...

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“…Due to intrinsic factors that characterize the viscous behavior to the creep of the structure clay in the secondary stage, there is still no complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms to this phenomenon. However, Sridharan and Rao [38] suggested that secondary compression is related to the delayed deformation of the clay particle after the raw water is drained from the pores in the primary structure (see also Hueckel [39]). This secondary deformation arises from some due to the delayed drainage of the adsorbed water concerning the flow of the bulk phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of swelling porous elastic soils with fluid saturation, time varying-delay and time-varying weights

Nonato

Ramos

Raposo

et al. 2021

Z. Angew. Math. Phys.

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In this article we study the well-posedness and exponential stability to the one-dimensional system in the linear isothermal theory of swelling porous elastic soils subject with time-varying weights and time-varying delay. We prove existence of global solution for the problems combining semigroup theory with the Kato's variable norm technique. To prove exponential stability, we apply the energy method without the equal wave speeds assumption.

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Mechanisms controlling the secondary compression of clays

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Chemical and environmental compatibility of red mud liners for hazardous waste containment

Chemical and environmental compatibility of red mud liners for hazardous waste containment

Influence of smectite content on the deformation behaviour of clay

Stabilization of swelling porous elastic soils with fluid saturation, time varying-delay and time-varying weights

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