Mechanisms by Which Anaerobic Microbiota Inhibit the Establishment in Mice of Intestinal Colonization by Vancomycin‐Resistant<i>Enterococcus</i>

Pultz, Nicole J.; Stiefel, Usha; Subramanyan, Suja; Helfand, Marion S.; Donskey, Curtis J.

doi:10.1086/428090

Cited by 59 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In saline treated mice, no E. faecium was detected by in situ hybridization. In contrast, the presence of E. faecium was conirmed in clindamycin-treated mice [25].…”

Section: Prevotella Clostridium Coccoides-eubacterium Rectale Clostmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The efect of other beta lactam ATBs on the microbiota, in particular of imipenem, was also observed using the FISH method (Dubourg et al, [23] Clindamycin was used in the study dealing with development of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) because this ATB inhibits anaerobes in the intestine without the reduction of facultative Gram-negative bacilli and VRE [24]. It has been shown that clindamycin causes VRE growth in mice and colonised patients [25]. In this study, a mouse model was used to test the hypothesis that the anaerobic microlora in the large intestine inhibits development of vancomycin-resistant enterococci.…”

Section: Prevotella Clostridium Coccoides-eubacterium Rectale Clostmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Selected Per Orally Administered ATB on Microflora of GIT in Experimental Animals

Maďar¹,

Tatiana²

2018

Antibiotic Use in Animals

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Composition of gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota difers in individual parts of GIT. Only 40% of GIT bacteria are cultivable. Fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization (FISH) can detect non-cultivable bacteria. Perorally administered antibiotics (ATB) afect the composition of microbiota in GIT. The absorbed ATB, namely penicillins, tetracyclines, macrolides or luorochinolons, have diferent inluence in comparison with poorly absorbed oral ATB, such as aminoglycosides, aminocoumarines or polypeptides. This efect is due to retention of high concentration of non-absorbed ATB during passage through GIT and their longer inluence on bacteria living in diferent parts of GIT. Study methods were based on scientiic literature review from PubMed, Elsevier databases and Slovak scientiic publications. We searched for publications between years 1980 and 2016, with keywords: ATB, inluence, microbiota, FISH. The literature review focuses on peroral administration of ATB to humans and animals and its potential efect on composition of GIT microbiota. The relevant studies showed that per orally administered ATB produced many important changes in microbiota of GIT. FISH method was more frequently used for screening the normal composition of microbiota than for studying the efects of ATB although there were some studies dealing also with this issue.

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“…In saline treated mice, no E. faecium was detected by in situ hybridization. In contrast, the presence of E. faecium was conirmed in clindamycin-treated mice [25].…”

Section: Prevotella Clostridium Coccoides-eubacterium Rectale Clostmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Prevotella Clostridium Coccoides-eubacterium Rectale Clostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Selected Per Orally Administered ATB on Microflora of GIT in Experimental Animals

Maďar¹,

Tatiana²

2018

Antibiotic Use in Animals

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“…Indeed, we now know that the intestine, the most densely colonized organ in the human body, needs natural microbial colonization to maintain its structure and for normal angiogenesis, normal development of the immune system (Bager et al 2008, Ivanov et al 2008, Ivanov & Littman 2010, Negele et al 2004, Wu et al 2010), vitamin production (Backhed et al 2005, 2007, energy metabolism and homeostasis (Backhed et al 2005, Turnbaugh et al 2009), and colonization resistance (Pultz et al 2005, Wells 1990). …”

Section: General Characteristics Of the Microbiota Of Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our attention has always been focused on the effectiveness of sanitation in restricting horizontal transmission of high-grade pathogens (Mara et al 2010), but sanitation may also limit the horizontal transmission of commensals during childhood, affecting the structure of the vertically transmitted microbiome in subsequent generations (Blaser & Falkow 2009). Despite the short-term efficiency of sanitation in reducing pathogen transmissibility (Quick et al 1996), collateral impact on the microbiome and its many roles, including its function as a shield against pathogen colonization [known as colonization resistance (Boullier et al 2003, Pultz et al 2005], has resulted.…”

Section: Modernizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Microbiota as a Marker for Migrations of Individuals and Populations

Domínguez-Bello

Blaser

2011

Annu. Rev. Anthropol.

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In this review, we discuss evidence that the microbes that constitute the human microbiota coevolved with humans and maintain complex community and host interactions. Because these microbes are mostly vertically transmitted, they have evolved within each human group and provide a view of human ancestry. In particular, we discuss using Helicobacter pylori as a marker of ancestry and migrations. Other organisms with more mixed vertical and horizontal transmission are not suitable to trace migrations with any fidelity. Human mixing affects microbial phylogeographic signals, and lifestyles impact the human microbiome population structure. A decade after the human genome was sequenced, we are gaining insights into the population structure of the human microbiome. We also examine whether, rather than focus on the genetics of single microbial populations, a wider approach to the study of human ancestry based on the human microbiome is now possible.

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“…Antimicrobial exposures reduce the commensal gut anaerobes with compensatory increased Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus abundances as well as bacteriophages, allowing transmission of antibiotic resistance genes between species (4). This results in the loss of host resistance to abnormal fecal colonization and may select for MDR bacteria (5)(6)(7). Subsequently, the intestines serve as the primary reservoir of MDR bacteria (8,9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Shotgun Metagenome Sequencing To Detect Fecal Colonization with Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Children

et al. 2016

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Prevention of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections relies on accurate detection of these organisms. We investigated shotgun metagenome sequencing for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and MDR Enterobacteriaceae. Fecal metagenomes were analyzed from high-risk inpatients and compared to those of low-risk outpatients and controls with minimal risk for a MDR bacterial infection. Principal-component analysis clustered patient samples into distinct cohorts, confirming that the microbiome composition was significantly different between cohorts (P ‫؍‬ 0.006). Microbial diversity and relative anaerobe abundance were preserved in outpatients compared to those in controls. Relative anaerobe abundance was significantly reduced in inpatients compared to that in outpatients (P ‫؍‬ 0.006). Although the potential for MDR bacteria was increased in inpatients and outpatients compared to that in controls (P < 0.001), there was no difference between inpatients and outpatients. However, 9 (53%) inpatients had colonization with a MDR bacterium that was not identified by culture. Unlike culture, shotgun sequencing quantitatively characterizes the burdens of multiple MDR bacteria relative to all of the microbiota within the intestinal community. We propose consideration of key microbiome features, such as diversity and relative anaerobe abundance, in addition to the detection of MDR bacteria by shotgun metagenome sequencing as a novel method that might better identify patients who are at increased risk of a MDR infection. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections cause significant morbidity and mortality and are increasingly common in children (1-3). Clinically important MDR bacteria include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and MDR Enterobacteriaceae with AmpC beta-lactamase resistance (AmpC), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) resistance, or carbapenem-resistant betalactamases (CRE). Antimicrobial exposures reduce the commensal gut anaerobes with compensatory increased Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus abundances as well as bacteriophages, allowing transmission of antibiotic resistance genes between species (4). This results in the loss of host resistance to abnormal fecal colonization and may select for MDR bacteria (5-7). Subsequently, the intestines serve as the primary reservoir of MDR bacteria (8, 9). Increased abundances of these organisms within the intestines precede the onset of an invasive bloodstream infection (BSI), and the risk of infection is related to the density of colonization (10-13).Timely and accurate detection of MDR bacteria is crucial to prevent the spread of MDR bacteria and to decrease rates of MDR infections (14). There is an urgent need for the development of new diagnostic methods, including metagenomics, to combat rising antibiotic resistance rates, which was explicitly stated in recent national action plans by the CDC and the White House (15, 16). D...

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Mechanisms by Which Anaerobic Microbiota Inhibit the Establishment in Mice of Intestinal Colonization by Vancomycin‐ResistantEnterococcus

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Influence of Selected Per Orally Administered ATB on Microflora of GIT in Experimental Animals

Influence of Selected Per Orally Administered ATB on Microflora of GIT in Experimental Animals

The Human Microbiota as a Marker for Migrations of Individuals and Populations

Use of Shotgun Metagenome Sequencing To Detect Fecal Colonization with Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Children

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