Mechanisms associated to apoptosis of cancer cells by phenolic extracts from two canned common beans varieties (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)

Abstract

Two varieties of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Bayo Victoria and Negro 8025, were evaluated to determine the effect on cellular viability and mechanisms involved in apoptosis pathways, using a cellular model with HT‐29 cells. Aqueous methanolic (50:50) extracts from cooked beans were analyzed for phenolic composition, identifying greater diversity of phenolic compounds in Bayo Victoria extracts. However, Negro 8025 showed greater phenolic content and cytotoxicity effects at lower media inhibitory concentrations, and greater effectiveness to activate apoptotic pathways. Proteins related to the arrest of cell cycle were modulated by both bean cultivars. Qualitative analysis by HPLC‐PAD and HPLC‐MS systems of phenolic compounds in common bean extracts showed mainly hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, and monomeric flavan‐3‐ols. Bioactive phenolics such as catechin, kaempferol, and ferulic acid were found in both cultivars as well anticancer phytochemicals such as quercetin, protocatechuic acid, myricetin, naringenin and their derivatives, and procyanidins. Practical applications Polyphenols in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars processed by canning display chemoprotective potential as they activate mechanisms involved in apoptosis pathways. Phenolics in common beans modulate 28 proteins related to apoptotic processes. Therefore, a diet including canned beans (particularly darker varieties) might represent health benefits and cancer‐preventive effects.

Therapeutic Potential of Plant Phenolic Acids in the Treatment of Cancer

“…Extracts of Anchusa azurea Mill [66], Rosa canina extract [82], or extract of Dianthus carmelitarum [88]. Unlike clutivars of common beans [99], black raspberries did not inhibit the growth of cancer cells, despite that PCA was detected in rat prostates [100]. Importantly, several above-mentioned phytochemicals exerted also an ability to improve effectiveness or reduce side effects of conventional anticancer therapy.…”

The Effects and Mechanisms of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside and Its Phenolic Metabolites in Maintaining Intestinal Integrity

“…But in other normal cases, C3G showed the protective effects on gastrointestinal cells, as well as endothelial cells, and obviously inhibited apoptosis by regulating apoptosis associated proteins, such as reducing the cytoplasmatic levels in Bax [108] and inhibiting the expression of caspase-8 [109], caspase-9 [108], and caspase-3 [108,109] to attenuate gastrointestinal damage. The impacts of C3G-Ms on apoptosis are similar to C3G, and multiple studies have suggested that PCA [35,36,100] and FA [110,111] may act against apoptosis in various models, although other studies revealed that C3G-Ms (PCA, FA) might promote apoptosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells [112]. The mechanism of C3G-Ms against apoptosis is still unclear, but a recent study has shown that in addition to the direct quenching of ROS, PCA may inhibit the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax in mitochondria and subsequently, increase the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax to reduce the production of caspase 8, caspase 9, and caspase 3 in injured gastrointestinal mucosa ( Figure 5) [36].…”

Plasma and Urine Metabolite Profiles Impacted by Increased Dietary Navy Bean Intake in Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Randomized-Controlled Trial

“…Legumes are globally recognized as high-quality sources of dietary fibers with prebiotic functions and are sustainable sources of essential amino acids and many other bioactive plant secondary metabolites (1)(2)(3). Epidemiologic studies and multiple clinical cohort investigations now support regular consumption of common beans for colorectal cancer prevention (4-7), and additionally promote lower risk of chronic diseases such as obesity (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), cardiovascular disease (14,15), and type II diabetes (16).…”

“…Less is known about whether bioactive food components reach effective cancer-protective concentrations in people due to extensive interindividual variability that can occur in host digestion and gut metabolism. Some mechanisms linking common dry bean consumption and cancer prevention include, but are not limited to, induction of apoptosis and modulation of cell cycle and proliferation (2,26,27). Other mechanisms for common bean intake to inhibit colon carcinogenesis involve changes to energy metabolism (28) and phase II detoxification (29) as shown by tissue microarray analysis in animals.…”