Mechanisms and individuality in chromium toxicity in humans

Pavesi, Thelma; Moreira, Josino Costa

doi:10.1002/jat.3965

Cited by 170 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Pb is toxic for children and adults, causing anemia, hypertension, cognitive deficits, immunodeficiency, infertility, bone and tooth development delays, vitamin D deficiency, and hepatic and renal effects [ 84 , 85 ]. The second element, Cr, although involved in human lipid and protein metabolism (in a form of Cr 3+ ) [ 86 ], is also connected with several pathologies, including carcinogenic (in a form of Cr 6+ ) [ 87 , 88 ]. Thus, finding these elements in propolis at excessive levels indicates that bee products must be tested before being released for consumption or medical use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multielemental Analysis of Bee Pollen, Propolis, and Royal Jelly Collected in West-Central Poland

Matuszewska

Klupczynska

Maciołek³

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Beehive products possess nutritional value and health-promoting properties and are recommended as so-called “superfoods”. However, because of their natural origin, they may contain relevant elemental contaminants. Therefore, to assess the quality of bee products, we examined concentrations of a broad range of 24 selected elements in propolis, bee pollen, and royal jelly. The quantitative analyses were performed with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) techniques. The results of our research indicate that bee products contain essential macronutrients (i.e., K, P, and S) and micronutrients (i.e., Zn and Fe) in concentrations depending on the products’ type. However, the presence of toxic heavy metals makes it necessary to test the quality of bee products before using them as dietary supplements. Bearing in mind that bee products are highly heterogenous and, depending on the environmental factors, differ in their elemental content, it is necessary to develop standards regulating the acceptable levels of inorganic pollutants. Furthermore, since bees and their products are considered to be an effective biomonitoring tool, our results may reflect the environment’s condition in west-central Poland, affecting the health and well-being of both humans and bees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multielemental Analysis of Bee Pollen, Propolis, and Royal Jelly Collected in West-Central Poland

Matuszewska

Klupczynska

Maciołek³

et al. 2021

Molecules

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“…DNA damage, genomic instability, and ROS generation are accepted as mechanisms of Cr toxicity and carcinogenicity. Both Cr (VI) and Cr (III) are capable of producing ROS (Pavesi and Moreira, 2020). Cr carcinogenicity is followed by DNA damage as disruption of transcription regulation.…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic

et al. 2021

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The industrial activities of the last century have caused massive increases in human exposure to heavy metals. Mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic have been the most common heavy metals that induced human poisonings. Here, we reviewed the mechanistic action of these heavy metals according to the available animal and human studies. Acute or chronic poisonings may occur following exposure through water, air, and food. Bioaccumulation of these heavy metals leads to a diversity of toxic effects on a variety of body tissues and organs. Heavy metals disrupt cellular events including growth, proliferation, differentiation, damage-repairing processes, and apoptosis. Comparison of the mechanisms of action reveals similar pathways for these metals to induce toxicity including ROS generation, weakening of the antioxidant defense, enzyme inactivation, and oxidative stress. On the other hand, some of them have selective binding to specific macromolecules. The interaction of lead with aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and ferrochelatase is within this context. Reactions of other heavy metals with certain proteins were discussed as well. Some toxic metals including chromium, cadmium, and arsenic cause genomic instability. Defects in DNA repair following the induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage by the three metals have been considered as the cause of their carcinogenicity. Even with the current knowledge of hazards of heavy metals, the incidence of poisoning remains considerable and requires preventive and effective treatment. The application of chelation therapy for the management of metal poisoning could be another aspect of heavy metals to be reviewed in the future.

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“…The more tissues retain chromium, the higher tendency for chromium-induced oxidative stress to occur, altering various metabolic pathways in the process of inducing tox-icity (22,37,41,42). The ameliorative role of ANLA in reducing tissue retention might be due to its ability to chelate Cr (VI) ion truncating Cr (VI) reduction pathways (43). This may prevent the generation of other Cr ion intermediates implicated in inducing oxidative stress and toxicity (44)(45)(46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium Dichromate-Induced Hepato- and Hematotoxicity in Rats: Nutritive Composition and Ameliorative Role of Acacia nilotica L. Leaf

Ejoh

Iheagwam

Olusola

2021

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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Background: Chromium and its salts, as well as chromium-containing compounds, play a major role in numerous manufacturing processes and have been contraindicated in carcinogenic, toxic, and mutagenic conditions in people involved in these processes. Objectives: This study investigated the ameliorative role of Acacia nilotica aqueous leave extract (ANLA) on potassium dichromate-induced liver and blood toxicity in male and female rats. Phytochemical screening and nutrient composition of ANLA were also evaluated. Methods: Phytochemical and proximate analysis of ANLA were carried out. Twenty adult male and female rats each were divided into four groups (n = 10): (1) control; (2) potassium dichromate (PDC; 0.625 mg/kg body weight); (3) PDC co-treated with ANLA after seven days (650 mg/kg bwt); and (4) PDC co-treated with ANLA (650 mg/kg bwt) simultaneously for 21 days. Biomarkers of liver injury, lipid, and hematological imbalance were assessed. Tissue histology and toxicant retention were done. Results: Various plant secondary metabolites (flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, and anthraquinones) and nutrients (protein = 67.41 ± 2.44%; carbohydrate = 9.87 ± 1.87%; fiber = 10.01 ± 1.21%; mineral = 6.41 ± 1.08%; fat and oil = 6.63 ± 0.93%) were identified in the leave. Exposure to chromium significantly (P < 0.05) increased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with a concomitant decrease in the activity of these enzymes in the liver of both male and female rats. The exposure also altered protein, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in the plasma and liver as well as hematological indices. Organ chromium retention and pathological changes were also observed. ANLA modulated these chromium-induced alterations in the rats. Conclusions: Based on the results, ANLA indicates ameliorative property against PDC-induced toxicity in rats. Thus it may be used to combat chromium poisoning. The nutritive potential of A. nilotica leaves may also be maximized.

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Mechanisms and individuality in chromium toxicity in humans

Cited by 170 publications

References 76 publications

Multielemental Analysis of Bee Pollen, Propolis, and Royal Jelly Collected in West-Central Poland

Multielemental Analysis of Bee Pollen, Propolis, and Royal Jelly Collected in West-Central Poland

Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic

Potassium Dichromate-Induced Hepato- and Hematotoxicity in Rats: Nutritive Composition and Ameliorative Role of Acacia nilotica L. Leaf

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