Mechanisms and Impact of Biofilms and Targeting of Biofilms Using Bioactive Compounds—A Review

Abstract

Biofilms comprising aggregates of microorganisms or multicellular communities have been a major issue as they cause resistance against antimicrobial agents and biofouling. To date, numerous biofilm-forming microorganisms have been identified, which have been shown to result in major effects including biofouling and biofilm-related infections. Quorum sensing (which describes the cell communication within biofilms) plays a vital role in the regulation of biofilm formation and its virulence. As such, elucidating the various mechanisms responsible for biofilm resistance (including quorum sensing) will assist in developing strategies to inhibit and control the formation of biofilms in nature. Employing biological control measures (such as the use of bioactive compounds) in targeting biofilms is of great interest since they naturally possess antimicrobial activity among other favorable attributes and can also possibly act as potent antibiofilm agents. As an effort to re-establish the current notion and understanding of biofilms, the present review discuss the stages involved in biofilm formation, the factors contributing to its development, the effects of biofilms in various industries, and the use of various bioactive compounds and their strategies in biofilm inhibition.

Surface Characterization and Anti-Biofilm Effectiveness of Hybrid Films of Polyurethane Functionalized with Saponite and Phloxine B

“…The formation of biofilms on medical devices, such as cannulas and catheters, poses a serious threat, which often complicates medical treatment. This form of survival promotes homeostatic interaction and stability among microorganisms forming a community [18]. Moreover, biofilm is protected by extracellular polymer substances (EPS) that prevent or significantly reduce the penetration of biocides or antibiotics [19].…”

Biofilms possibly harbor occult SARS-CoV-2 may explain lung cavity, re-positive and long-term positive results

“…The dental root wall permits the formation of subgingival biofilms ( Colombo and Tanner, 2019 ; Badran et al., 2020 ). SARS-CoV-2 has a certain resistance to the external environment, permitting its attachment to dental biofilms before being eliminated, which depends on the organic polymers such as polysaccharides, glycoproteins and lipids inside biofilms ( Rabin et al., 2015 ; Scheller et al., 2020 ; Loveday et al., 2021 ; Samrot et al., 2021 ). Gomes’s team has confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in oral biofilm samples ( Gomes et al., 2021 ).…”

“…According to research, the resistance of biofilm is approximately 100 to 1000 times that of its corresponding planktonic mode, thus obtaining a favorable adaption to adverse external environment. Biofilms can act as a barrier, shielding pathogenic microorganisms from drugs and patients’ immune response ( Samrot et al., 2021 ; Ciofu et al., 2022 ). Multispecies biofilms exist both externally and within the host in nature ( Von Borowski and Trentin, 2021 ).…”

Analysis of the resistance of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli to antimicrobial agents in single-centre study

“…Следует отметить, что «запас прочности» бетадина и мукосанина низкий, рабочие концентрации средств только в 8-16 раз превышают индивидуальные значения МИК. Известно, что большинство микробных популяций на различных абиотических и биотических поверхностях существует не в виде свободно плавающих планктонных клеток, а в виде специфически организованных и прикрепленных к субстратам биопленок, и что микроорганизмы, входящие в состав биопленок, в 100-1000 раз менее чувствительны к большинству антибиотиков и биоцидов, чем планктонные клетки [9,10,11,12]. Следовательно, при практическом применении бетадина и мукосанина очень велика вероятность их неэффективности на биопленочные культуры.…”