Mechanism of uptake of sulfonated metallophthalocyanines by cultured mammalian cells

Vacata- and divacataporphyrin: New photosensitizers for application in photodynamic therapy-an in vitro study

“…A slower accumulation at hydrophobic sites following a long, 18‐hour incubation with VP and DVP could be responsible for the longer retention of the drugs within the cells. This finding remains in agreement with the results of other authors 25. Generally, for the porphyrins in vitro, including HPD, the initial rapid accumulation followed by a plateau was usually observed 26.…”

Phthalocyanines as Photodynamic Sensitizers*

“…When the dye aggregate is excited by light no useful photochemistry can be initiated, since its major pathway of deactivation is the internal conversion to the ground state (Danvent et al, 1982). The disaggregation to monomeric dye can be achieved by addition of organic solvents, detergents or serum proteins to the aqueous solution (Ben-Hur et al, 1987a). The PC macrocycle can chelate with virtually any element from the periodic table and also be substituted at the periphery with diverse substituents.…”

Biological activities of phthalocyanines. XIV. Effect of hydrophobic phthalimidomethyl groups on the in vivo phototoxicity and mechanism of photodynamic action of sulphonated aluminium phthalocyanines

“…The phthalimidomethylated ALPcSP LD90 values are approximatley half that of AlPcS2 which parallels their relative photoactivities under in vitro conditions with Chinese hamster fibroblast V-79 cells (Paquette et al, 1991a). In additon to passive diffusion, dye uptake by neoplastic cells in vivo can be mediated by endocytosis (Ben-Hur et al, 1987;Roberts and Berns, 1989). These processes are modulated by dye interaction with constituents in interstitial liquid such as albumin, collagene or low density lipoproteins, which compete with dye uptake by neoplastic cells.…”