Mechanism of poliovirus inactivation by cell-free filtrates of marine bacteria

Toranzo, Alicia E.; Barja, Juan L.; Hetrick, Frank M.

doi:10.1139/m83-228

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Since IHNV is known to be very stable in a pH range of 4 to 9, it seems that the antiviral activity of bacteria is not related to the cultural pH because the cultural pH of most bacteria with antiviral activity was 7.5 to 8.5, but may be due to some antiviral substances released by the bacterial culture. In a study of the microbial ecosystem in aquatic environments, Toranzo et al reported that Pseudomonas and Vibrio from marine water inactivated enteroviruses (6,7). Data obtained in the present study also support the hypothesis of Toranzo et al that some bacteria may play an important role in the interaction between bacteria and viruses in the environment.…”

Section: Determinationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Screening of Bacteria with Antiviral Activity from Fresh Water Salmonid Hatcheries

Kamei

Yoshimizu

Ezura

et al. 1988

Microbiology and Immunology

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Bacteria isolated from two salmonid hatcheries were screened for antiviral activity against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) to ascertain the presence of bacteria with anti‐IHNV activity in the aquatic environment. Out of 710 bacterial isolates from the water and sediment samples, 190 strains showed anti‐IHNV activities of more than 50% plaque reduction. These antiviral activities were detected predominantly in Pseudomonas, Aeromonas/Vibrio, and coryneforms. In one hatchery, the bacteria with antiviral activities were more prevalent in sediment samples than in water samples. Seventy‐seven percent of the isolates with higher antiviral activities (>90% plaque reduction) belonged to Pseudomonas.

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Section: Determinationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Screening of Bacteria with Antiviral Activity from Fresh Water Salmonid Hatcheries

Kamei

Yoshimizu

Ezura

et al. 1988

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…The RNA sequences of the phages may also influence their electrohydrodynamic and aggregation profiles (31,32) and thus the comparative persistence patterns at different pHs. Even though the inactivating effects of indigenous microorganisms on the activity of viruses in some aquatic environments have been reported previously (26,33,34), the microbiota of the river water in this study may not have virusinactivating effects. In addition, besides inactivation of microorganisms and enzymes potentially present, heat treatment may also lead to other changes such as colloidal properties of the suspended solids in the river water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Comparative Persistence of Subgroups of F-Specific RNA Phages in River Water

Yang

Griffiths

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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F-specific (F؉) RNA phages are widely used as indicators for the presence of fecal contamination and/or enteric viruses in water, and identifying subgroups of F؉ RNA phages provides an approach for microbial source tracking. Different survival characteristics of the F؉ RNA phage subgroups result in a misinterpretation of their original proportion in water, thus giving misleading information when they are used for microbial source tracking. This study investigated the comparative persistence of subgroups of F؉ RNA phages in river water under different conditions. Results suggested that temperature and pH are the major factors affecting the persistence of F؉ RNA phages in river water, and organic substances promote phage survival. The comparative persistence patterns of subgroups of F؉ RNA phages varied and may bias extrapolation of their initial proportions in surface water. Thus, the characteristics of water should be taken into consideration and the results should be carefully interpreted when F؉ RNA phages are used for microbial source tracking. F-specific (Fϩ) RNA phages are a group of single-stranded RNA bacteriophages belonging to the family Leviviridae (1, 2); they infect host bacteria by absorbing to and injecting RNA through sex pili on the surfaces of the cells (3). Fϩ RNA phages are divided into four subgroups according to their serology and phylogeny (4) and have been recommended as indicators for the presence of viral pathogens and fecal contamination, since they are similar to enteric viruses in genomic and physical properties, they are transmitted by the fecal-oral route as are enteric viruses, and their presence is highly correlated to viral contamination in various water types (3, 5). An interesting phenomenon is that subgroups II and III are generally of human origin and subgroups I and IV are predominantly isolated from animal feces (6, 7). This provides the potential to distinguish fecal contamination of human or animal origin.Phage groups differ in their resistances to environmental stressors and exhibit various persistences in aquatic environments (8), which may bias the relative prevalence of different phage groups in aquatic environments, thus leading to potential errors in the assessment of water quality. In order to assess the usefulness of viral indicators and to collect quantitative information necessary for risk assessment of water quality and water disinfection processes, investigations on the survival characteristics of some phages have been conducted (9, 10). However, most of these studies have investigated the impact of only one stressor on the survival characteristics of phage indicators (1), or employed one phage strain as a surrogate to determine the effect of environmental or processing stresses on viral survival or activity (11). Little information is currently available about the differential persistence among the four subgroups of Fϩ RNA bacteriophages in surface water, a main source of water for irrigation. Differential persistence of subgroups of Fϩ RNA phages may bias th...

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“…Similar results were obtained at 35°C. Therefore, the degradation observed at 35°C could have been due to the presence of RNases in the media studied, which were able to digest viral RNA as soon as it became available outside the viral capsid (5,8,27,28,29). Such RNases could have had different origins, such as the stool extract which constituted the NV stock, the PV1 or FCV-f9 suspension obtained from a cell culture supernatant, or the mineral water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Viral Genomes in Mineral Water: a Sufficient Condition To Assume Infectious Risk?

Gassilloud

Schwartzbrod

Gantzer

2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Appropriate interpretation of a positive reverse transcription-PCR is an important issue for virus-related health hazard assessment because viral genomes and infectious viruses exhibit different behavior patterns in water. In this context, using Poliovirus 1 and Feline calicivirus f9 as examples of enteric viruses, first we demonstrated that the stability of infectious viruses is greatly affected by the temperature of mineral water (10, 20, and 35°C) and that, in contrast, temperature has little effect on the corresponding genomes. Second, we demonstrated that infectious particles are degraded more rapidly than viral genomes at all temperatures studied. At 35°C, Poliovirus 1 infectivity was reduced 4 logs after only 19 days, while an equivalent reduction would have taken 75 years (according to the model applied) for the viral genome. Contradictory conclusions can also be drawn concerning the sensitivity of viral serotypes depending on whether the infectious virus or the viral genome is considered. The Feline calicivirus f9 genome is more resistant than the Poliovirus 1 genome, whereas the opposite is true for the corresponding infectious viruses. Thus, we concluded that a positive test for a viral genome in mineral water must be interpreted with utmost caution because of the lack of a correlation between the presence of viral genomes and viral infectivity. Detection of viral genomes may be necessary to identify infectious risk for the human population, but it cannot be considered sufficient.

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Mechanism of poliovirus inactivation by cell-free filtrates of marine bacteria

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Screening of Bacteria with Antiviral Activity from Fresh Water Salmonid Hatcheries

Screening of Bacteria with Antiviral Activity from Fresh Water Salmonid Hatcheries

Comparative Persistence of Subgroups of F-Specific RNA Phages in River Water

Presence of Viral Genomes in Mineral Water: a Sufficient Condition To Assume Infectious Risk?

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